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Borzoi

From Tilcayo Cats, the lean encyclopaedia by Tilcayo Knowledge Systems
This article is about the domestic dog breed. For the rural locality in the Chechen Republic, see Borzoy.

Borzoi
Other names
  • Russian Wolfhound
  • Russian Hunting Sighthound
  • Russkaya psovaya borzaya
OriginRussia
Traits
Height Males
75–85 cm (30–33 in)[2]
Females
68–78 cm (27–31 in)[2]
Weight
27–48 kg (60–105 lb)[1]: 130 
Coat medium length, silky and wavy, short length
Colour any colour
Litter size up to 11[citation needed]
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Borzoi[a] or Russian Hunting Sighthound[b] is a Russian breed of hunting dog of the sighthound type. It was formerly used for wolf hunting;[1]: 125  until 1936, the breed was known as the Russian Wolfhound.[1]: 130 [3]

Etymology

Historically, Russian sighthounds were named through descriptive terms as opposed to actual names. Borzoi is the masculine singular form of an archaic Russian adjective that means 'fast'. Borzaya sobaka ('fast dog') is the basic term for sighthounds used by Russians, though sobaka is usually dropped. The name psovaya derived from the word psovina, which means 'wavy, silky coat', just as hortaya (as in hortaya borzaya) means shorthaired. In modern Russian, the breed commonly called the Borzoi is officially known as russkaya psovaya borzaya. Other Russian sighthound breeds are stepnaya borzaya (from the steppe), called stepnoi; and krimskaya borzaya (from the Crimea), called krimskoi.[4][failed verification]

History

The Borzoi originated in the sixteenth century Russia by crossing Saluki and European sighthounds with thick-coated Russian breeds.[5][6]

The Borzoi was popular with the Tsars before the 1917 revolution. For centuries, Borzois could not be purchased but only given as gifts from the Tsar. Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia bred countless Borzoi at Perchino, his private estate.[7]: 10 [8]

After the 1917 Revolution, the breed became associated Tsarist rule and communist revolutionaries killed Borzoi in large numbers, leading to their near-extinction in Russia.[9][10] The breed survived in the West because many had previously been exported.[11][12]

The Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1956.[13]

Description

Appearance

Borzois are large Russian sighthounds that resemble some central Asian breeds such as the Afghan Hound, Saluki, and the Kyrgyz Taigan. Borzois come in a variety of colours.[14] The Borzoi coat is silky and flat, often wavy or slightly curly. The long top-coat is quite flat, with varying degrees of waviness or curling. The soft undercoat thickens during winter or in cold climates, but is shed in hot weather to prevent overheating. In its texture and distribution over the body, the Borzoi coat is unique. There should be a frill on its neck, as well as feathering on its hindquarters and tail.[15][16] Borzois have a uniquely long snout, likely originating from Greyhound ancestry.

Temperament

The Borzoi is an affectionate and athletic breed of dog with a calm temperament.[17]

In terms of obedience, Borzois are selective learners who quickly become bored with repetitive activity, and they can be difficult to motivate. However, Borzois are capable of enjoying and performing well in competitive obedience and agility trials with sufficient training.[7]: 113 [18][19]

Health

A 2024 UK study found an average life expectancy of 12 years for Borzois, with a sample size of 43, compared to 12.7 for purebreds and 12 for mongrels.[20]

An American study looking at echocardiographs of clinically healthy Borzoi found 53.8% to have heart murmurs, 30.2% to have trace or mild mitral regurgitation, 36.1% to have mild tricuspid regurgitation, and 14.4% to have cardiac disease.[21]

Borzois, along with other sighthounds, recover slower from anaesthesia due to a lower volume of distribution and their lean muscle mass and low body-fat percentage.[22]

Due to their anatomy, Borzois, like other large breeds, have a predisposition to developing gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV).[23] A 2020 study identified an association between GDV in Borzois and RNA Binding Motif Protein 26 (RBM26), although of unknown significance.[24]

Notes

  1. ↑ Russian: борзо́й, romanized: borzói [bɐrˈzoj], meaning 'swift' in Russian;[25]: 149  English plural either 'Borzoi'[26] or 'Borzois'[27][28]
  2. ↑ Russian: русская псовая борзая, romanized: russkaya psovaya borzaya, lit. 'Russian long-haired sighthound'

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 [2012]). The Complete Dog Breed Book, second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-241-41273-2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 FCI-Standard N° 193: Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya (Borzoi – Russian Hunting Sighthound). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed June 2022.
  3. ↑ Sabaneev, L.P. (1993). Hunting dogs: borzois and hounds (in Russian). Moscow: Terra Publishing. p. 571. ISBN 5-85255-188-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ↑ Сабанеев, Леонид (2 December 2021). Собаки охотничьи. Борзые и гончие (in русский). Litres. ISBN 978-5-04-333011-6.
  5. ↑ "Borzoi | Breeds A to Z | The Kennel Club". www.thekennelclub.org.uk. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  6. ↑ Martin, Nellie (2005). Borzoi – The Russian Wolfhound. Its History, Breeding, Exhibiting and Care. Vintage Dog Books. ISBN 1-84664-042-3.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Desiree Scott (2002). Borzoi. Dorking, Surrey: Interpet Publishing. ISBN 978-1-903098-93-6.
  8. ↑ Kalamaras, G. (2019). "For All the Russian Wolfhounds—the Borzoi—Slaughtered During the Revolution, 1917". Undocumented: 156–157. doi:10.14321/J.CTVJSF4HW.90. ISBN 978-1-60917-587-0. S2CID 198844826.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  9. ↑ "Borzoi History: Behind the Breed's Hunting Heritage". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  10. ↑ Keyishian, Marjorie (14 July 1991). "A Soviet Visitor and a Quest: Preserving the Borzoi". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  11. ↑ Keyishian, Marjorie (14 July 1991). "A Soviet Visitor and a Quest: Preserving the Borzoi". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  12. ↑ "Borzoi History: Behind the Breed's Hunting Heritage". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 30 September 2026.
  13. ↑ FCI breeds nomenclature: Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed June 2022.
  14. ↑ "Borzoi Colors and Markings". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  15. ↑ "The Borzoi Standard". Borzoi Club of America. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  16. ↑ Mischiha O. "Russian Borzoi". My Friend: The Dog. 2013: №1: 10–17.
  17. ↑ "Borzoi". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  18. ↑ "Borzoi Club of America". Borzoiclubofamerica.org. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  19. ↑ М., Венцеславский А. (14 March 2013). Псовая охота вообще (in русский). Directmedia. ISBN 978-5-4460-1839-0.
  20. ↑ McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
  21. ↑ Sonya Wesselowski, K. Tess Sykes, Ashley B. Saunders, Stephen R. Werre (2024). Echocardiographic values and prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in clinically healthy adult Borzoi dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1.aop (2024): 1–10. doi:10.2460/ajvr.23.11.0255.
  22. ↑ Kennedy, Martin J.; Smith, Lesley J. "Canine Breed-Specific Considerations for Anesthesia". Veterinary Practice News. Retrieved 28 April 2026.
  23. ↑ Praveen Kumar, M.; Sooryadas, S.; Dinesh, P.T.; Jinesh Kumar, N.S.; Remya, V. (2024). "Chapter 16 Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus in Dogs: a Review of Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Strategies". Advances in Veterinary & Animal Sciences. Vol. 2 Veterinary Science. General Secretary, Indian Veterinary Association, Kerala. pp. 415–446. ISBN 978-93-340-4428-7. ResearchGate 383848243.
  24. ↑ Piras, Ignazio S.; Perdigones, Nieves; Zismann, Victoria; Briones, Natalia; Facista, Salvatore; Rivera, José Luis; Rozanski, Elizabeth; London, Cheryl A.; Hendricks, William P. D. (5 November 2020). "Identification of Genetic Susceptibility Factors Associated with Canine Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus". Genes. 11 (11): 1313. doi:10.3390/genes11111313. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 7694454. PMID 33167491.
  25. ↑ A.M. Macdonald (editor) (1972). Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary. London: Chambers. ISBN 0-550-10206-X
  26. ↑ "theborzoiclub.org.uk". theborzoiclub.org.uk. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  27. ↑ "Borzoi". Dictionary. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  28. ↑ "Borzoi". Oxford Dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2014.

Further reading

  • Chadwick, Winifred E. (1952). The Borzoi Handbook. London: Nicholson & Watson. Including a translation of The Perchino Hunt by His Excellency Dmitri Walzoff (1912).
  • Martin, Nellie L. (2005). Borzoi—The Russian Wolfhound: Its History, Breeding, Exhibiting and Care. Read Books. ISBN 978-1-84664-042-1.
  • McRae, Gail C. (1989). Borzoi (New ed.). TFH Publications. ISBN 978-0-86622-676-9.
  • Savenkova, V. (2003). Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya. Moscow. ISBN 978-5-17-016974-0.
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