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Château de Cruseilles

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Château de Cruseilles
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LocationCountry: File:Flag of France.svg France
Former provinces of the Duchy of Savoy: Geneva
Region: Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department: Haute-Savoie
Municipality: Cruseilles
Coordinates46°02′12″N 6°06′17″E / 46.03667°N 6.10472°E / 46.03667; 6.10472[Note 1]
TypeCastle
Beginning date12th century

The Château de Cruseilles is a former castle, probably dating from the 13th century and now in ruins, located in the commune of Cruseilles in the department of Haute-Savoie, in the Auvergne–Rhône-Alpes region.

Location

The Château de Cruseilles belonged to the County of Geneva and was situated along the road linking Geneva to Annecy.[1] Located after the Mont Sion pass when coming from Geneva, it preceded the crossings of the Usses and the Caille.[1] A secondary route along the southern slope of the Salève, passing through Le Sappey and Vovray-en-Bornes, connected the area to the Arve Valley and the Château de Mornex [fr].[2] The settlement defended by the castle had three gates: one on the Geneva side, one on the Annecy side to the southeast, and a southern gate known as the Corbet gate; a postern may also have existed on the road to Ronzier.[3]

The present-day Rue du Corbet provided access to the castle.[3]

The site is associated with the fortified house of Pontverre,[4][5] described as the “little castle” of the nobles of Cruseilles.[5] This structure, now disappeared, was located below the Château de Cruseilles on the right bank of the Usses.[6]

History

According to Marc Le Roux [fr] (1854–1933), curator of the Musée d’Annecy, the structure was likely built in the 13th century.[4]

In his will, Count Amadeus II of Geneva granted his wife, Agnes of Châlons, the usufruct of the castles and châtellenies of Annecy, Clermont, Chaumont [fr], La Bâtie, and La Balme [fr] de Sillingy, along with a dowry of 5,000 livres tournois secured by the estates of Cruseilles and Hauteville [fr].[7][8]

From 1402 onward, Cruseilles, like the County of Geneva, became part of the domain of the House of Savoy.[9]

In 1563, although already in decline, the site was used as a prison.[10] In 1590, Spanish troops briefly took refuge there during the town's sack.[10]

By the time the cadastre of the Duchy of Savoy was compiled, only a square tower of the castle remained.[10]

Description

In 1865, only a single tower of the former castle remained.[10][11] Baron Achille Raverat [fr] (1812–1890) noted that it was inhabited at the time and contained a vaulted room.[10][11] He also reported the presence of surrounding architectural remains, including remnants of buildings, sections of ramparts, and the entrance gate. The pointed arch of the gate bore a carved cross and the arms of Savoy.[10][11]

The castle had a chapel (capella castri) dedicated to Saint Agatha, attested between 1371 and 1373.[3] Three chaplaincies were recorded at the beginning of the 15th century during a pastoral visit.[12]

Châtellenie of Cruseilles

The Château de Cruseilles was the seat of a châtellenie, also called a mandement (mandamentum).[13][14] It functioned as a comital châtellenie, directly dependent on the Count of Geneva.[15] In the 12th century, authority in Cruseilles was shared between the count and a vidomne (or viscount, vice dominus),[16][17] with individuals recorded around 1160 (Guillaume), 1179 (Humbert), and 1282 (Johannet). During the 13th century, the hereditary office of vidomne was replaced by a châtelain appointed directly by the count.[17]

In the 17th century, the arms of the mandement of Cruseilles were blazoned as a silver scallop on a red field.[18]

The châtelain was an officer appointed for a fixed term, revocable and removable,[19][20] responsible for administering the châtellenie, collecting fiscal revenues, and maintaining the castle.[21] The châtelain was occasionally assisted by a receiver of accounts, who prepared the annual report submitted by the châtelain or his deputy.[22]

Châtelains of Cruseilles, 14th to 16th Century[23]
Genevan Administration

The châtellenie regularly served as an apanage for members of the House of Geneva [fr].[9] Thus, Guy, the seventh son of Count William II of Geneva, future Bishop of Langres [fr] (1266–1291), inherited the mandement.[Note 2][7] It also formed part of the dower of Countess Agnes of Châlons.[7][8][9] Finally, it was a possession of the last count, the antipope Robert of Geneva (1342–1394).[9]

  • 1 May 1370 – 14 September 1371: Richard de Virieux [fr] the younger, for Cardinal Robert of Geneva
  • May 1371 – 14 September 1371: Squire Richard de Virieux the younger
  • 14 September 1371 – 2 July 1378: Squire Jean de Lucinge
  • 2 July 1378 – 7 May 1398: Squire Richard de Virieux

Savoyard Administration

In 1402, it entered the Savoyard domain.[9]

  • 24 April 1402 – 8 January 1405: Noble Richard de Virieux
  • 8 January 1405 – 8 January 1411: Noble Aymon, son and heir of Richard de Virieux
  • 8 January 1411 – 8 January 1417: Noble Dame Peronette, widow of Squire Richard de Virieux
  • 8 January 1417 – 8 January 1427: Noble Aymon de Virieux, son and heir of Peronette de Virieux
  • 8 January 1427 – 21 January 1451: Noble Ame (Amed) de Virieux, Guillaume, and Jean, brothers, sons and heirs of Noble Aymon de Virieux
  • 21 January 1451 – 21 January 1473: Guillaume (master of the household of the Duke of Savoy), Aymon, and Jacques, sons of Squire Amed de Virieux; Jean, Jacques, and Guillaume (until 1467), sons of Noble Jean de Virieux
  • 21 January 1474 – 21 January 1480: Noble Jacques, son of Squire Amé de Virieux, son of Aymon; Jean Louis, Claude, and Aymon, sons of Noble Aymon de Virieux; and Jean and Jacques, sons of Jean de Virieux
  • 21 January 1481 – 21 January 1483: the sons and heirs of Noble Ame de Viry, Aymon, Louis, and Jacques, lords of Viry[Note 3]
  • 21 January 1484 – 21 January 1512: the sons and heirs of Noble Amed, Aymon (until 1510), Guillaume, and Jean de Virieux
  • 21 January 1512 – 21 January 1515: sons and heirs of Noble Amed and Jean de Virieux

Administration of the apanage of Genevois (1502–1659)[24]

  • 1516–1517: Noble Nicolas Du Chastel
  • 1517–1518: Noble Louis Provane
  • 1520–1522: Noble Louis Provane
  • 1527–1532: Noble Nicolas Du Chastel
  • 1530–1534: Noble Catherin Dulcis
  • 1535–1544: Noble Philippe Ducrest
  • 1544–1547: Squire Aymé Cartier
  • 1550–1553: Noble Jacques Parvi
  • 1553–1556: Squire Aymé Cartier
  • 1555–1559: Master[Note 4] Louis Després
  • 1565–1568: Noble Étienne Dulcis
    • 1565: Noble Pierre de La Palud [fr], châtelain for judicial matters
  • 1571–1577: Master Aymé de Malbuisson
  • 1577–1580: Master François Ducrest
  • 1580–1586: Master Étienne Mouthon
  • 1586–1592: Master Jacques Du Chastel
  • 1592–1598: Master Claude Paris
  • 1598–1604: Master François Fusier
  • 1604–1610: Master Claude Paris
  • 1610–1616: Masters Guillaume Pellarin and Antoine Vassal, co-farmers
  • 1616–1622: Master Guillaume Pellarin, associated with Master Charles-Melchior Viollet by deed of 6 December 1616
  • 1622–1628: Master François Galley
  • 1628–1634: Master Claude Dulcis
  • 1634–1640: Noble François Quimier
  • 1640–1646: Master Louis-Philippe Joly
  • 1646–1652: Master Jean-Jacques Bosson, who subrogated the office to Master Louis-Philippe Joly from 1647 to 1652
  • 1652–1658: Masters Claude Dulcis and Benoît La Baume
  • 1658–1659: Master René Saget, who handed the office over to Master Benoît La Baume

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Coordinates found on Géoportail.
  2. ↑ The authors of Histoire des communes savoyardes confuse him with Guy, who died in 1294, son of Raoul of Geneva.
  3. ↑ The surname de Viriaco found in the charters is sometimes rendered as de Viry or de Virieu(x), which has caused some confusion.
  4. ↑ Master is a title associated with “procurators, notaries, practitioners, and commissioners.”[25]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chapier 1961, p. 219
  2. ↑ Duparc, Pierre (1978). Le comté de Genève, IXe – XVe siècle [The County of Geneva, 9th–15th centuries]. Mémoires et Documents (in français). Geneva: Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Genève. p. 525. ISBN 978-2-600-05014-2. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Chapier 1961, p. 86
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Baud, Mariotte & Challamel 1981, p. 259
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Chapier 1961, p. 84
  6. ↑ Savoy Society of History and Archaeology (2005). « Dictionnaire du Duché de Savoie », Tome II, 1840 [“Dictionary of the Duchy of Savoy,” Volume II, 1840]. L'Histoire en Savoie (in français). La Fontaine de Siloé. p. 34. ISSN 0046-7510. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lullin, Paul; Le Fort, Charles (1866). Régeste genevois : Répertoire chronologique et analytique des documents imprimés relatifs à l'histoire de la ville et du diocèse de Genève avant l'année 1312 [Régeste genevois: Chronological and analytical directory of printed documents relating to the history of the city and diocese of Geneva prior to 1312] (in français). Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Genève. p. 424.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Duparc 1978, p. 248
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Baud, Mariotte & Challamel 1981, p. 252
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Baud, Mariotte & Challamel 1981, p. 258
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Raverat, Achille (1872). Haute-Savoie. Promenades historiques, pittoresques et artistiques en Genevois, Sémine, Faucigny et Chablais [Haute-Savoie. Historical, picturesque, and artistic walks in Genevois, Sémine, Faucigny, and Chablais] (in français). p. 298. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
  12. ↑ Binz, Louis (1973). Vie religieuse et réforme ecclésiastique dans le diocèse de Genève pendant le grand schisme et la crise conciliaire (1378-1450) [Religious life and ecclesiastical reform in the diocese of Geneva during the Great Schism and the conciliar crisis (1378–1450)] (in français). Vol. 1: Mémoires et Documents. Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Genève. p. 417. ISBN 978-2-600-05020-3. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
  13. ↑ Payraud, Nicolas (2009). "Châteaux, espace et société en Dauphiné et en Savoie du milieu du XIIIe siècle à la fin du XVe siècle" [Castles, space, and society in Dauphiné and Savoie from the mid-13th century to the end of the 15th century] (PDF). HAL - Archives Ouvertes (in français). Retrieved December 1, 2025.
  14. ↑ Duparc 1978, pp. 413 et seq.
  15. ↑ Duparc 1978, p. 416
  16. ↑ Duparc 1978, p. 411
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Baud, Mariotte & Challamel 1981, p. 251
  18. ↑ Gonthier, J.-F (1895). "Funérailles de Charles-Amédée de Savoie, duc de Nemours (1659)" [Funeral of Charles-Amédée of Savoy, Duke of Nemours (1659)]. Revue savoisienne (in français). XI (II): 249. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
  19. ↑ Sorrel, Christian (2006). Histoire de la Savoie : images, récits [History of Savoy: images, stories] (in français). La Fontaine de Siloé. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-2-84206-347-4. Retrieved December 8, 2025.
  20. ↑ Carrier, Nicolas (2001). "Une justice pour rétablir la « concorde » : la justice de composition dans la Savoie de la fin du Moyen Âge (fin XIIIe -début XVIe siècle)" [Justice to restore “harmony”: composition justice in Savoy at the end of the Middle Ages (late 13th to early 16th century)]. Le règlement des conflits au Moyen Âge. Actes du XXXIe Congrès de la SHMESP (Angers, 2000) [Conflict resolution in the Middle Ages. Proceedings of the 31st SHMESP Congress (Angers, 2000)] (in français). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. pp. 237–257. ISBN 978-2-85944-438-9.
  21. ↑ Barbero, Alessandro (2006). "Les châtelains des comtes, puis ducs de Savoie en vallée d'Aoste (XIIIe – XVIe siècle)" [The lords of the counts, then dukes of Savoy in the Aosta Valley (13th–16th centuries)]. « De part et d'autre des Alpes » : les châtelains des princes à la fin du moyen âge : actes de la table ronde de Chambéry, 11 et 12 octobre 2001 [“On both sides of the Alps”: the princes' castellanies at the end of the Middle Ages: proceedings of the round table in Chambéry, October 11 and 12, 2001] (in français). Publications de la Sorbonne. ISBN 978-2-85944-560-7.
  22. ↑ Carrier, Nicolas. "A travers les archives médiévales de la principauté savoyarde - Les comptes de châtellenies" [Through the medieval archives of the Savoy principality - The accounts of the castellanies]. Archives départementales de la Savoie (in français). Archived from the original on March 3, 2015.
  23. ↑ "Inventaire-Index des comptes de châtellenies et de subsides (conservés aux Archives départementales de la Savoie et de la Haute-Savoie) Série SA" [Inventory-Index of accounts of castellanies and subsidies (held at the Departmental Archives of Savoie and Haute-Savoie) Series SA] (PDF) (in français). pp. 276–288. Retrieved December 2, 2025.
  24. ↑ Perrillat, Laurent (2006). L'apanage de Genevois aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles : pouvoirs, institutions, société [The prerogative of Genevois in the 16th and 17th centuries: powers, institutions, society] (in français). Vol. 113. Académie salésienne. p. 939.
  25. ↑ Nicolas, Jean (2003). La Savoie au XVIIIe siècle, Noblesse et Bourgeoisie [Savoy in the 18th century, Nobility and Bourgeoisie]. Le Champ régional (in français). Les Marches: La Fontaine de Siloé. p. 66. ISBN 978-2-84206-222-4. Retrieved December 9, 2025.

Bibliography

  • Baud, Henri; Mariotte, Jean-Yves; Challamel, Jean-Bernard (1981). Histoire des communes savoyardes. Le Genevois et Lac d'Annecy [History of the Savoyard municipalities. The Genevois region and Lake Annecy] (in français). Vol. III. Roanne: Éditions Horvath. pp. 251–261–154. ISBN 2-7171-0200-0.
  • Blondel, Louis (1978). Châteaux de l'ancien diocèse de Genève [Castles of the former diocese of Geneva] (in français). Vol. 7. Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Genève. p. 84.
  • Chapier, Georges (2005). Châteaux Savoyards : Faucigny, Chablais, Tarentaise, Maurienne, Savoie propre, Genevois [Savoyard castles: Faucigny, Chablais, Tarentaise, Maurienne, Savoie propre, Genevois]. L'amateur Averti (in français). La Découvrance. pp. 35–38. ISBN 978-2-84265-326-2.
  • Chapier, Georges (1961). Châteaux savoyards : Faucigny et Chablais [Savoyard castles: Faucigny and Chablais]. L'amateur Averti (in français). Vol. 5. Grenoble: Éditions Revue Les Alpes. p. 219.

Archival collections

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