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Den Kenjirō

From Tilcayo Cats, the lean encyclopaedia by Tilcayo Knowledge Systems
In this article, the surname is Den.
Junior Second Rank
Baron
Den Kenjirō
田 健治郎
8th Governor-General of Taiwan
In office
29 October 1919 – 6 September 1923
MonarchTaishō
Preceded byAkashi Motojirō
Succeeded byUchida Kakichi
Minister of Agriculture and Commerce
In office
2 September 1923 – 24 December 1923
Prime MinisterYamamoto Gonnohyōe
Preceded byArai Kentarō
Succeeded byOkano Keijirō
Minister of Justice
In office
2 September 1923 – 6 September 1923
Prime MinisterYamamoto Gonnohyōe
Preceded byOkano Keijirō
Succeeded byHiranuma Kiichirō
Minister of Communications
In office
9 October 1916 – 29 September 1918
Prime MinisterTerauchi Masatake
Preceded byMinoura Katsundo
Succeeded byNoda Utarō
Member of the Privy Council
In office
10 May 1926 – 16 November 1930
MonarchsTaishō
Hirohito
Member of the House of Peers
In office
7 January 1906 – 15 May 1926
Nominated by the Emperor
Member of the House of Representatives
In office
12 August 1901 – 28 December 1902
Preceded byUeki Toshikazu
Succeeded byMulti-member district
ConstituencyHyōgo 3rd (1901–1902)
Hyōgo Counties (1902)
Personal details
Born(1855-03-25)25 March 1855
Tanba, Kaibara, Japan
Died16 November 1930(1930-11-16) (aged 75)
Tamagawa, Tokyo, Japan
Resting placeTama Cemetery
PartyRikken Seiyūkai
RelativesHideo Den (grandson)

Baron Den Kenjirō (田 健治郎; 25 March 1855 – 16 November 1930) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war government of the Empire of Japan. He was also the 8th Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan from October 1919 to September 1923, and the first civilian to hold that position. Den was also a co-founder of Kaishinsha Motorcar Works, a predecessor to present-day Nissan and the original manufacturer of Datsun automobiles.

Biography

Den was born in Tanba-Kaibara Domain, located in Hikami District of Tanba Province (part of the modern-day city of Tanba, Hyōgo), where his father was a village headman (nanushi). After the Meiji Restoration, he sought his fortune in Kumamoto Prefecture (1874), followed by Aichi Prefecture in 1875. Entering service of the police department, he was subsequently assigned to Kōchi Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture and Saitama Prefecture. Around 1890, he came to the attention of Communications Minister Gotō Shōjirō, who recruited him into the central bureaucracy of the Meiji government. He rose to the position of vice minister, and concurrently served on the board of governors of the Japanese Government Railways. In 1898, he resigned from government service to accept an appointment as president of the Kansai Railway Company.

He returned to government service in 1900 as Director of the Administration Bureau of the Communications Ministry, but resigned again only a year later to run for election to the Lower House of the Diet of Japan under the sponsorship of Itō Hirobumi and the Rikken Seiyūkai political party. He served for two non-consecutive terms, returning each time to a senior post within the Ministry of Communications. In 1906, he was appointed to the House of Peers, and the following year was made a baron (danshaku) within the kazoku peerage system. In politics, he became closely aligned with the faction under the conservative genrō, Yamagata Aritomo, but later broke with Yamagata over issues pertaining to the Siemens scandal.

Den was also one of the founders of the Kaishinsha Motorcar Works in 1914. The "D" in the company acronym "DAT" was from "Den". Later changed to "Datsun", the company was acquired by the Nissan zaibatsu in the 1930s.[1]

From 1916 to 1918, under Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake, Den was appointed Minister of Communications. During this period, he expressed concerns over the dominance of the United States and Great Britain over the new League of Nations, which contributed to an "encirclement" of Japan.[2] In 1919, Den was appointed Governor-General of Taiwan, the first civilian to be appointed to that post. As Governor-General, he promoted new policies of social and political assimilation, wherein discriminatory laws in education were repealed. Several major reforms were carried out during Den's tenure, including various administrative reforms, expansion of the public education system, reduction of police involvement in local administration, construction of the Chanan Reservoir, and the legalization of Japanese-Taiwanese intermarriage. Den’s stated goal was that the Taiwanese populace was to eventually enjoy the same political rights as the Japanese in the Home Islands, and that the Taiwanese would be assimilated into normal Japanese society.[3] Business laws were eased to allow Taiwanese entrepreneurs to complete with Japanese, and several Taiwanese-owned newspapers were established. Under his tenure, then Crown Prince Hirohito made a state visit to Taiwan.

Following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, Den was recalled to Tokyo, and asked to take the posts of Minister of Justice and Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in the 2nd Yamamoto Gonnohyōe administration. Together with Home Minister Gotō Shimpei, he laid the foundations for the reconstruction of Tokyo after the disaster. However, along with the rest of the cabinet, he was forced to resign in the aftermath of the Toranomon Incident. After 1926, he served as a member of the Privy Council. Den died of complications following an Intracranial hemorrhage in 1930 at his home in Tamagawa, Tokyo. His grave is at the Tama Cemetery in Fuchū, Tokyo.

Den kept a detailed diary from 1906 to his death in 1930, which forms an important source document for the history of politics during the Taishō period of Japanese history.

Awards and decorations

Japanese

Peerages and titles

Court ranks

Decorations

Year awarded Ribbon Decoration Notes
29 November 1892 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 6th class[4][5][16]
28 December 1893 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 5th class[4][5][17]
5 March 1894 Emperor Meiji for 25th Wedding Anniversary Medal[5]
21 June 1895 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th class[4][5][18]
31 October 1895 Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class[4][5][19]
18 November 1895 First Sino-Japanese War Medal[4][5]
1 April 1906 Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class[5][20]
1 April 1906 Russo-Japanese War Medal[4][21]
1 August 1912 Korean Annexation Commemorative Medal[4][5][22]
10 November 1915 Emperor Taishō Enthronement Commemorative Medal[4][5][23]
25 December 1919 Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st Class[4][5][24]
1 November 1920 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun[4][5][25]
2 November 1920 First World War Medal (1914–1920)[5][26]
1 July 1921 First National Census Commemorative Medal[27]
10 November 1928 Emperor Shōwa Enthronement Commemorative Medal[4][5]
16 November 1930 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers[4][5][28] (posthumous)
16 November 1930 Imperial Capital Rehabilitation Commemorative Medal[4][29] (posthumous)

Foreign

Year awarded Country Ribbon Decoration Notes
12 April 1894 File:Flag of France.svg French Republic Officer of the Legion d'Honneur[4][5][30]
20 January 1897 File:Flag of Denmark (3-2).svg Denmark Knight Grand Officer of the Order of the Dannebrog[4][5][31]
28 May 1897 File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918).svg Austria-Hungary Order of the Iron Crown, 2nd Class[4][5][32]
26 August 1897 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Ottoman Empire Order of the Medjidie, 2nd Class[4][5][33]
16 April 1898 File:Flag of Romania.svg Kingdom of Romania Commander of the Order of the Star of Romania[4][5][34]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Hoover, William D (2011). Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810875395. page 219
  2. ↑ Dickenson, Frederick (2001). War and National Reinvention: Japan in the Great War, 1914–1919. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0674005075. page 234
  3. ↑ Meyers, Ramon (1984). Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, 1910–1945. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691102221. page 108, 217
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 "田健治郎 | 国立公文書館". www.digital.archives.go.jp. Retrieved 2026-06-08.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 Den Kenjirō denki hensankai (1932). Den Kenjirō den (Biography of Den Kenjirō), Appendix to Chronology
  6. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 7272 "Titles or Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 23 September 1907.
  7. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 908 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 12 July 1886.
  8. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 2534 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 9 December 1891.
  9. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 2839 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 12 December 1892.
  10. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 2932 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 12 April 1893.
  11. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 4395 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 1 March 1898.
  12. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 4570 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 21 September 1898.
  13. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 1252 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 2 October 1916.
  14. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 3085 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 11 November 1922.
  15. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 976 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 4 April 1930.
  16. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 2701 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 30 June 1892.
  17. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 3152 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 29 December 1893.
  18. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 3593 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 22 June 1895.
  19. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 3704 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 1 November 1895.
  20. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to Extra "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 31 March 1907.
  21. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to No. 7578 "Appointments" (in Japanese) 28 September 1908.
  22. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to No. 205 "Appointments" (in Japanese) 9 April 1913.
  23. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to No. 1311 "Appointments" (in Japanese) 14 December 1916.
  24. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 2220 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 26 December 1919.
  25. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 2640 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 21 May 1921.
  26. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to Extra "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 13 August 1924.
  27. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to No. 2860 "Appointments" (in Japanese) 16 February 1922.
  28. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 1167 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 18 November 1930.
  29. ↑ "Kanpo" Appendix to No. 1499 "Appointments" (in Japanese) 28 December 1931.
  30. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 3234 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 14 April 1894.
  31. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 4076 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 4 February 1897.
  32. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 4172 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 1 June 1897.
  33. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 4250 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 31 August 1897.
  34. ↑ "Kanpo" No. 4440 "Investiture and Appointments" (in Japanese) 22 April 1898.

References

  • Ching, Leo T.S. (2001). Becoming Japanese: Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22553-4.
  • Rubensteen, Murray (2006). Taiwan: A New History. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1494-0.
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