Maia
| Maia | |
|---|---|
| Member of the Pleiades | |
| Abode | Mount Cyllene, Arcadia |
| Genealogy | |
| Parents | Atlas and Pleione or Aethra |
| Siblings | Hyades, Hyas |
| Consort | Zeus |
| Children | Hermes |
| Equivalents | |
| Roman | Maia |
In ancient Greek mythology, Maia (Ancient Greek: Μαίη, lit. 'mother', 'nurse' or 'midwife';[1] pronounced /ˈmeɪ.ə/ or /ˈmaɪ.ə/), also spelled Maie, is one of the Pleiades and the mother of the messenger god Hermes by Zeus.[2]
Maia was identified with the Roman earth goddess Maia, the mother of Mercury.[3]
Etymology
Her name is related to the word μαῖα (maîa), an honorific term for older women related to μήτηρ (mētēr, meaning mother),[citation needed] which also translates to "midwife" in Greek.[4]
Family
Maia is the daughter of Atlas[5][6] and Pleione the Oceanid, and is the oldest of the seven Pleiades.[7] They were born on Mount Cyllene in Arcadia,[6] and are sometimes called mountain nymphs, oreads; Simonides of Ceos sang of "mountain Maia" (Maiados oureias) "of the lovely black eyes."[7] Because they were daughters of Atlas, they were also called the Atlantides.[8]
Mythology
Birth of Hermes
According to the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, Zeus, in the dead of night so that his wife Hera would not find out, secretly had sex with Maia,[9] who avoided the company of the gods, in a cave of Cyllene. She became pregnant with Hermes. After giving birth to the baby, Maia wrapped him in blankets and went to sleep. The rapidly maturing infant Hermes crawled away to Thessaly, where, by nightfall of his first day, he stole some of his half-brother Apollo's cattle and invented the lyre from a tortoise shell. Maia refused to believe Apollo when he claimed that Hermes was the thief, and Zeus then sided with Apollo. Finally, Apollo exchanged the cattle for the lyre, which became one of his identifying attributes.[10]
At another time, when Maia was bathing with her sisters the Pleiads, Hermes snuck in stealthily and stole all their clothes. When the nymphs finished their bath they looked around naked not knowing what to do while Hermes laughed, and then returned them their garments.[11]
Although the Homeric Hymn has Maia as Hermes' caretaker and guardian, in Sophocles's now lost satyr play Ichneutae, Maia entrusted the infant Hermes to Cyllene (the local mountain goddess) to nurse and raise, and thus it is her that the satyrs and Apollo confront when looking for the god's missing cattle.[12]
As nurturer
Maia also raised the infant Arcas, the child of Callisto with Zeus. Wronged by the love affair, Zeus' wife Hera in a jealous rage had transformed Callisto into a bear.[13] Arcas is the eponym of Arcadia, where Maia was born.[6] The story of Callisto and Arcas, like that of the Pleiades, is an aition for a stellar formation, the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, the Great and Little Bear.
See also
- 66 Maja, asteroid
- Bona Dea
- Maia (star)
- Maiasaura
- Rosmerta
Notes
- ↑ The alternate spelling Maja represents the intervocalic i as j, pronounced similarly to an initial y in English; hence Latin maior, "greater," in English became "major."
- ↑ Homer, Odyssey 14.435; Apollodorus, 3.10.2; Horace, Odes 1.10.1 & 2.42 ff.; Tzetzes on Lycophron, 219
- ↑ Seyffert, Oskar. A dictionary of classical antiquities, mythology, religion, literature & art. Page 372. S. Sonnenschein, 1891.
- ↑ Nutton, Vivian (2005). Ancient Medicine. London: Routledge. p. 101. ISBN 9780415086110.
- ↑ The alternate spelling Maja represents the intervocalic i as j, pronounced similarly to an initial y in English; hence Latin maior, "greater," in English became "major."
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Hesiod, Theogony 938
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Apollodorus, 3.10.1
- ↑ Simonides, fr. 555
- ↑ Gantz, pp. 105–6; Homeric Hymns 4.5
- ↑ Apollodorus, 3.10.2
- ↑ D scholia to the Iliad 24.24
- ↑ Ormand, Kirk (2012). A Companion to Sophocles. Wiley Blackwell. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-119-02553-5.
- ↑ Apollodorus, 3.8.2
References
- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
- Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Publius Ovidius Naso, Fasti translated by James G. Frazer. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Publius Ovidius Naso, Fasti. Sir James George Frazer. London; Cambridge, MA. William Heinemann Ltd.; Harvard University Press. 1933. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Further reading
- Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, ISBN 978-0-631-20102-1. "Maia" p. 270
- Harry Thurston Peck, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, 1898
- Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Maia"
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911.