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Paul Martin (illustrator)

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Paul Martin
Born(1883-06-06)June 6, 1883
New York City, U.S.
DiedMarch 19, 1932(1932-03-19) (aged 48)
Ossining, New York, U.S.
EducationNational Academy of Design
Occupations
SpouseLauretta Willey (1880–1972)[1]

Paul Martin (June 6, 1883 – March 19, 1932)[2] was an American commercial artist and illustrator. He designed the world's largest sign, which spanned a city block in Times Square from 1917 to 1924.[3][4] He drew a lithograph poster supporting the war effort in 1918.[5] His artwork appeared on twenty covers of Collier's between 1923 and 1927. Martin won Parents' Magazine's "Cover of the Year" award from 1928 to 1930.[6] He reshaped the long-running Fisk tire mascot in early 1930.[7] This new character promptly appeared in thirteen issues of The Saturday Evening Post.[8] Martin created the official poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was displayed at their troop meetings from 1931 to 1937.[9]

He played in sanctioned tennis tournaments around the New York metropolitan area from 1909 to 1931.[10] This included the U.S. National Championships (now US Open) of 1920, 1921, and 1924.[a] The Paul Martin singles tournament was held for eighty-four years, between 1932 and 2019.[b] He played doubles with Franklin P. Adams, collaborated on a book with Howard R. Garis, and was an interclub teammate of Vincent Richards.[11] His WWI poster has been displayed at the Tennis Hall of Fame since 1965.[12][c]

Background

The Golden Age of Illustration began in the 1880s. It coincided with major advancements in printing techniques.[13] These included breakthroughs in the halftone process, which made commercial image printing more economical, feasible, and realistic. Consequently, the strenuous, time-consuming process of wood engraving was replaced by the highly accurate photoengraving.[14] Howard Pyle—an artist, writer, teacher, and innovator—is often regarded as the "Father of American Illustration."[15] Other Golden Age luminaries included Charles Dana Gibson, J. C. Leyendecker, Maxfield Parrish, Norman Rockwell, and N. C. Wyeth. However, most illustrators received little recognition. Critics perceived their artwork as commercially driven rather than creatively inspired. This directly contrasted with how fine art was viewed.[16] Nevertheless, these illustrators communicated and documented people's aspirations, concerns, customs, humor, ideals, labor, morals, and social interests.[17]

Major advancements in photographic equipment and technology occurred during the 1930s. This led to a decades-long shift from illustrated to photographic covers,[17] yet those innovative and captivating styles persisted. Eventually, graphic design software completely took over. Meanwhile, the magazine industry relied heavily on advertising revenue. It suffered from the popularity of radio and, particularly, television. These far-reaching forms of broadcasting were much more appealing to advertisers. Specialized magazines fared better by targeting specific audiences, thereby suffering fewer losses in readership and revenue.[18] Ultimately, the internet revolution forced numerous periodicals to either shut down or transition to digital formats.[19] These shifts ended the era of hand-drawn covers.

Life

He was born to Hannah A. (née Morrow) and Robert C. Martin (a brick merchant) in New York City on June 6, 1883.[20][21] He was the second youngest of nine children, three of whom did not reach adulthood.[22] The Martins resided on 31st St. in Manhattan, between 8th and 9th Aves., throughout the 1880s.[23] They moved northward to Central Harlem on Edgecombe Ave. in 1890.[24] Paul lost two sisters, aged one and sixteen, between 1891 and 1893.[25] The family relocated to another section of Central Harlem at 129th St. and 5th Ave. in 1898.[26][27] They belonged to the Twenty-fourth Street M. E. Church (until 1890)[28][29] and Calvary M. E. Church (until 1908).[30][d] His father was the superintendent of their Sunday schools.[31][e]

Martin enjoyed drawing as a boy.[32] His first regular job was as a brokerage clerk at age 16.[33] He studied commercial art at the National Academy of Design between 1902 and 1906.[34][f] His instructors included Charles Louis Hinton, Francis Coates Jones, George W. Maynard, and Edgar Melville Ward.[35][36] His first career job was with the New-York Tribune in 1905.[37] He succeeded the Tribune's Stephen H. Horgan as art manager in 1906 and held the position until 1912.[38][39][40][g] Martin continued to live at home during those years. The family moved from Upper Manhattan to rural Maplewood, New Jersey, in 1908.[41][42][43] A train station was nearby, which allowed them to commute into Manhattan. Their new church was located two blocks away.[h] He joined the local tennis club on centrally located Baker St. in 1909. His first two sanctioned tournaments took place at Nyack and Morristown. His opening matches at these events were played on August 31 and September 13, 1909.[44] His older brother Ralph also debuted at Nyack, though one day earlier on August 30.[45][46] Ralph was related to muralist Charles Yardley Turner through marriage.[47] Paul's doubles partner in Maplewood was Harry Balch from 1909 to 1912. They were neighbors who lived a few houses apart.[48][49][i]

Martin married Lauretta Willey (WILL-ee) at the First M. E. Church on Washington St. in Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1912.[j] The Rev. Henry J. Johnston officiated.[50] The couple had first met years earlier at Calvary Methodist.[51][k] Lauretta's siblings were schoolteacher Emma and accountant Walter, who later owned the Willey Book Co.[52] Their first home together was an apartment in the Bronx (University Heights neighborhood) from 1912 to 1915.[53] They relocated one block east to another rental in 1915.[54][55] The Martins actively participated in tennis tournaments, both with their local club and on the USLTA circuit.[l] He worked for the innovative O. J. Gude Company from 1912 to 1919.[56][57] It was the industry leader in outdoor advertising.[58] His O. J. Gude office was first located at 935 Broadway (1912–13).[59] It then moved to the Candler Building in Times Square, at 220 West 42nd (1913–19). He worked for the advertising firm Gotham Studios from 1919 to 1920.[60][61] Its operations moved from 1133 Broadway (St. James Building) to East 24th St., near 4th (now Park) Ave., on January 1, 1920.[62] Martin went freelance in August and rented a small studio in September 1920.[63] It was located on East 27th St., between Lexington and 3rd Avenues.[64] He could now work independently, with flexible hours and creative control. The drawback was income uncertainty. He joined the Artists' Guild[32] in December 1920.[65]

Paul and Lauretta moved from the Bronx to a secluded, wooded section of Millwood, New York, in August 1925.[66] Their first home had an upstairs working studio from 1925 to 1932.[67][68] The workplace included a darkroom and dedicated space for easels and props. Natural northern light came in through the large side window.[69][70][m] He occasionally used family members as models. His niece, Edna, is shown writing down the license plate number of a boy's wagon[67][71] on the cover of Liberty, September 12, 1925. She also appears on an American Junior Red Cross poster.[67][72] His mother-in-law is basting a turkey for Thanksgiving[67] on the cover of People's Home Journal, November 1928.[73] The Martins attended in downtown Ossining.[74]

Martin underwent an operation for a stomach ulcer at Ossining Hospital on March 12, 1932. He died from complications one week later at age 48.[75] The service was held at .[76] He was survived by three brothers and one sister.[77] He was known in tennis circles for his athletic ability, active participation, friendliness, and sportsmanship.[78][n] The following is a retrospective from the Bronxville Press in August 1932: "His presence was always felt by topnotchers [and regulars]. Paul Martin was a synonym for all that was clean and wholesome in the game."[79] His wife Lauretta later lived in Mount Vernon, New York, from 1935 to 1972.[80][81]

Collier's

General-interest magazines flourished before the advent of television.[82][o] One of them was the historically significant Collier's, which experienced a resurgence under editor William L. Chenery in 1925.[83][84] Martin drew twenty covers for the magazine between 1923 and 1927. These included the Christmas issues of 1924 and 1926.[85] Some artists created a distinctive niche by focusing on drawing comical situations, domestic follies, political satire, pretty women, or simple pleasures.[86] Martin's recurring theme featured a boy engaged in various lighthearted moments. This youth appeared on eighteen covers of Collier's:[87] bobbing for apples, loading up on desserts, shooting marbles, playing the flute,[88] sporting a straw hat, shoveling snow, winding up a spinning top, carrying schoolbooks, eating holiday turkey, catching a baseball, playing football, going down a water slide,[89] sleigh riding, gleefully swimming, saying grace,[90] getting a buzz cut, working as a messenger, and daydreaming about fishing.[91] Martin rarely veered off course. The most striking departure was a self-portrait. He depicted himself as a well-dressed, vocal spectator at the horse races.[92]

His drawing style was simple yet bold, and nostalgically captured the bright, carefree innocence of youth. It resonated with people who had just lived through a catastrophic world war and an influenza pandemic. Martin excluded nonessential details such as extra figures, scenery, structures, and trees, which allowed viewers to make an instant connection. His paintings are often easily recognizable, since their themes and styles remained fairly consistent. They sometimes gave the illusion of three-dimensional depth. This effect was achieved by using techniques such as color intensity variation, linear perspective, and overlapping. His cover art almost always had a holiday or seasonal theme, or otherwise reflected the magazine's image.[p] It only once directly corresponded to an inside article.[92]

Creative Process: Martin first visualized ideas and developed them into conceptual sketches. These were further developed into rough drafts and sent to art editors for possible publication.[93] Submissions were returned as either rejected or accepted—with or without a request for modification. Rejected submissions were sometimes resubmitted elsewhere. Martin then hired mostly local boys for photo sessions.[67] Afterward, prints were made in a darkroom from the developed film. He drew the preliminary[94] and final versions, using these prints as guides.[95][96] This process gave him more options and flexibility than using real-life models. It was also more practical, given children's tendency to be active and impatient. He interacted with them from behind the camera to capture the correct facial expressions. His wife helped by preparing the models for their scenes.[q]

Collier's advertising and circulation revenues steadily declined after World War II, primarily driven by the rapid rise of television. Collier's was forced to cease publication in December 1956.[83] Its top competitors (Life, Look, and the Post) held out longer.

Commercial artist

Martin designed the Wrigley Company's original light bulb extravaganza, which showcased six acrobatic "spearmen" on a Broadway billboard in 1917.[38] It was the world's largest display panel, at 200 by 50 feet.[97] It covered a full city block in Times Square, between 43rd and 44th Streets.[98][99][100][101] This panoramic light show was a major tourist attraction for seven years.[102][103] The Wrigley name became synonymous with large-scale advertising because of such massive displays.[104] Martin created a poster with a double meaning for War Camp Activities in 1918.[5] It was titled Serve Your Country and depicted a fashionable young woman serving a tennis ball. Women participated nationwide in fundraising tournaments to support recreation for on-base service members.[105] However, the title carried a broader meaning aligned with the War Camp Community Service's mission.[r] It encouraged women to entertain off-duty soldiers, sailors, and marines by joining them in activities such as dancing, dining, sightseeing, socializing, and attending theater shows.[106] A silkscreen version of the poster has been on display at the Tennis Hall of Fame since 1965.[12]

He drew five different scenes of snow activities for the New York, Ontario and Western Railway (a passenger and freight carrier) in 1921–22.[107] They depicted the Catskills of Sullivan County as a lively and refreshing vacation spot. He designed greeting cards for William Edwin Rudge, Inc., of Mount Vernon, New York.[108] Martin drew a cheerful boy eating Heinz Baked Beans while confidently declaring, "I Know Beans," in 1927.[109][s] He also created two posters for the American Junior Red Cross in 1929–30. The first was titled The Flag of Service the World Around. It featured children in festive costumes behind the globe, with one holding up a large Red Cross flag.[110] The second was titled Juniors Helping Everywhere, which included twenty miniature scenes. It showed children worldwide in various supportive roles.[72]

Martin painted three advertisements for General Electric's distinctive, all-steel "Monitor Top" refrigerator in 1930. The first and most elaborate featured two boys running a lemonade stand. Their mother looked on with approval through the open kitchen window.[111] It appeared simultaneously as a full-page ad in more than twelve magazines.[112] The following complimentary review appeared in Printers' Ink, 1930: "'Electric Lemonaide, 5 cents per glass,' reads the sign of the youthful shopkeepers. And the lads are soliciting trade in a strenuous manner, as a friendly dog enters into the spirit of the event with challenging barks. ... [I]t is a picture filled with action and story-telling strength. But because the advertised product has been worked in so adroitly, the illustration seems doubly effective and relevant." —W. Livingston Larned.[113][t] His other "Monitor Top" ads featured a girl playing with building blocks,[114] and two dressed-up girls listening to an enthusiastic sales boy.[115][95] This appliance was considered the first reliable and relatively affordable model for residential use, though prices started at a hefty $205.

He designed three billboards for the Hecker H-O (Hornby's Oatmeal) Company of Buffalo, New York, in 1931.[116] One showed a young, banged-up football player, full of confidence after eating oats for breakfast.[117][118][u] The other two emphasized the cereal's healthiness[119][120][v] and deliciousness.[121] These large 25-by-12-foot ads appeared on poster panels, which attracted the attention of passing motorists and pedestrians.[120] They also had short runs in food markets—on walls, windows, or hanging wires.[w] His drawings were also used to promote businesses on Gerlach Barklow calendars, ink blotter cards, and prints, starting in 1931. One depicted a boy sitting down, holding an umbrella among five puppies.[122] Another showed a boy struggling to comprehend scientific theories.[123]

Martin painted a contest-winning poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was titled Usefulness • Beauty • Health • Truth • Knowledge.[124][125][126] The contest was conducted by the Art Alliance of America.[127] This organization brought together craftspeople and advertisers. There were two to three hundred submissions.[128] The judging panel consisted of Ray Greenleaf, Rockwell Kent, John La Gatta, Neysa McMein, Edward A. Wilson, and W. T. Benda, who replaced Charles Dana Gibson.[129][130] Martin's model for the poster was 14-year-old Barbara Smith of Darien, Connecticut,[130] who had previously lived in Yonkers, New York.[131] Her parents and Martin were lifelong friends. He served as best man at their wedding back in 1904.[132] The Girl Scouts' national director, Josephine Schain, presented the top three winners with checks for $100, $200, and $300.[130][133][134] These ceremonial exchanges took place at the Scouts' national headquarters at 670 Lexington Avenue in Manhattan.[135] The three award recipients then posed together behind their entries.[136] National president Birdsall Otis Edey was one of three consultants, along with executives Anne Hyde Choate and Genevieve Garvan Brady.[129] Martin's poster captured the movement's spirit "in striking fashion."[130] It was displayed on troop members' bedroom walls and on bulletin boards and stands at their meeting places from 1931 to 1937.[125][137][x] The poster was placed in window displays for promotion. It also appeared on the covers of Girl Scout Equipment for Fall 1932 and Spring 1933. All printed images showed a modified version with three raised fingers instead of a salute.[138] Martin remarked at the award ceremony, "Barbara seems the personification of all that Girl Scouting means. She is the very spirit of radiant, happy, and wholesome young girlhood, and my mind naturally turned to her immediately when I learned of the competition."[139]

He was mentioned in a magazine for war veterans as follows: "The cover design on this issue of Foreign Service[96] is a two‑color reproduction of the official 1932 Buddy Poppy poster."[140] It was so named because former soldiers used that term when remembering their companions killed in WWI.[141] "The original was painted in oil by the late Paul Martin, noted New York poster artist, who died suddenly on March 19th following a serious operation. The poster has been pronounced as one of the most striking and appropriate designs ever used ... to depict the symbolism of the Buddy Poppy." This red artificial flower was worn in honor of the fallen Allied soldiers. "It was completed shortly before the artist's death and is believed to have been his last important assignment.[y][142][143] Those familiar with Paul Martin's career as an artist declare the 1932 Buddy Poppy poster to be one of his best creations."[144][145] It was featured nationally in newspapers from 1932 to 1933.[140]

Martin's work appeared in a variety of formats, ranging from billboards to greeting cards to calendars.[z] His paintings usually revolved around children, and sometimes included a cute and friendly pup.[146]

Fisk tire boy

The Fisk Rubber Company was manufacturing tires for automobiles, bicycles, and carriages by 1901.[147] Its factory was located along the riverfront in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts. The plant produced about 230,000 tires in August 1921.[148] Fisk struggled financially before and during the Great Depression.[149] It was acquired by U.S. Rubber (maker of the U.S. Royal brand) in 1940.[150] Its worldwide subsidiaries—then operating under various names—adopted the unifying name of Uniroyal in 1966.[151] A subsequent corporate merger formed Uniroyal Goodrich (1986). Its tire division was sold to Michelin (1990).[152] Affiliated dealers of Fisk tires included Kmart (1962–78)[153] and Discount Tire (1996–2015).[154] There was an inactive period from 1981 to 1995.[155]

Martin completely reshaped a once-famous and whimsical character in American advertising. It was the Fisk Rubber Company's "bedtime boy," who shouldered an oversized tire while tilting a lighted candle.[156][157] It was introduced with the motoring message "Time to Re-tire," which debuted in 1910.[158][159][160] This catchphrase relied on a simple double meaning. The lad's original prodigious yawn changed to a smile in early 1929.[161] Martin was then commissioned late that year to create a slightly older, modern-day figure.[162][163] The aim was to update the heavily publicized trademark while maintaining its charm and familiarity. The boy's one-piece sleeper became a two-piece pajama set, enhanced with stylish zip-up slippers. His four-year-old nephew was the model from the neck down.[67][71] The essential props now featured the latest tread design and a more fashionable, less-tilted candleholder.

The publicity manager at Fisk provided an early review in March 1930: "a happy, smiling, 100 percent American boy in his little two-piece pajama, radiating good cheer, ruddy-cheeked and tousle-headed, snappy and wide awake, standing in the old-time pose."[164][165] Many newspapers ran a story that complimented the new look from May to June 1930.[166] The youngster was described as more energetic, robust, and modern ("in keeping with the times").

This updated character appeared in thirteen issues of The Saturday Evening Post, between February 8 and August 23, 1930.[8][167] These ads promoted the newly introduced "Air-Flight" tires. A full-length, colorful print of the boy was publicly offered.[168] The cheerful mascot showed up on various items, both with and without facial touch-ups. Three signed variants are pictured.[aa] It was featured on the front covers and endpapers of eight children's fairy tale or folktale books in 1931. The titles are Candy Land, Jack and the Bean Stalk, Little Black Sambo, Peter Rabbit, Pied Piper, Three Bears, Three Little Kittens, and Three Little Pigs.[169] They were generically subtitled Time to Re-tire: A Bedtime Story. The mascot also appeared on ashtrays,[170] bridge score pads,[171] cigarette cases,[ab] electric clocks,[172] jigsaw puzzles,[173] matchbooks,[174] posters[175] and rubber heel replacements for shoes.[176] These were complimentary items for existing or potential customers.[177][178][179][180] Martin's lively figure was depicted on retailers' data books,[181] letterheads, mailing envelopes,[182] and store windows.[ac] A miniature version showed up in The American Boy, Boys' Life, automotive magazines,[183] and hundreds of newspapers[184] from 1930 to 1934.

However, Fisk advertisements were fairly rare from 1931 to 1936. Roughly two-thirds of the Fisk dealers lost their franchises in November 1930. They failed to meet a new financial requirement.[185] This drastic corporate downsizing aimed to reduce operating costs. It followed three consecutive years of declining sales and mounting debts.[149] Furthermore, the Great Depression had devastated the entire rubber industry through fierce price wars. This downward spiral was already underway due to stiff competition from mail-order houses.[186] Martin's lad was never firmly established through a strong promotional campaign. It would have involved significant—yet necessary—expenditures. Fisk ultimately defaulted on interest payments to bondholders and entered receivership on January 3, 1931.[187] The restructuring process concluded with the naming of a new management team in May 1933. Based on public sentiment, they decided to bring back the original character in late 1934.[188] This reversal was unusual, as other companies had successfully modernized their mascots despite the inherent risks.[189][190]

Timeline:[164][165] The pajama-clad boy went through three distinct stages, as seen in print. They are as follows: 1. 1910–1928, 1935–present (used sporadically).[158][159][160][153][ad] The original, yawning figure created by Burr Giffen. 2. 1929 – January 1930. An uncredited version in which the yawn was changed to a smile. 3. February 1930 – 1934. Modernized version updated by Paul Martin, whose credits include all images of the two-piece pajamas.[163] (It was publicly introduced in the Saturday Evening Post of February 8, 1930.) Side note: Norman Rockwell also painted the trade character in 1917–20 and 1923–25.[191] Transitional Overlaps: The previous character occasionally lingered after a changeover.[192] Minor touch-ups were made in various years.

Martin built a reputation for drawing boys, which earned him the coveted commission.[146] A common practice among artists at that time was to create their own niche.[86] Boys, dogs, and pretty women were very popular themes with the public.[193]

Magazine cover illustrator

His signature (or printed name) appears on all the covers. It remained fairly consistent—with a slanted t-crossbar, curved "P" and "M," an underline mark, and the first name stacked above the last name.

His cover artwork for Foreign Service was initially sold to Parents in 1930. However, the piece went unused and was subsequently sold to American Lithographic and then to Foreign Service.[194] The 25th anniversary issue of Parents was dated October 1951. This silver jubilee cover featured miniatures of twenty-five previous covers (one for each year from 1926 to 1950). The composite included three paintings by Martin: October 1928, August 1929, and October 1930.[195] He thus unofficially won Parents' Magazine's "Cover of the Year" honors for 1928–30.[ae] Additionally, the publication's long-standing, two-word title debuted with that August 1929 issue.[196]

The following list contains thirty-seven known credits, including three from September 1925. These are all consumer magazines.

Other credits: He created covers for four trade and customer magazines between 1920 and 1931. They were Advertising & Selling,[208] Good Hardware,[209] Progressive Grocer,[210] and Silent Hostess.[211] Coincidentally, Martin's last model for Parents later became one of Progressive Grocer's two associate editors from 1956 to 1961.[ah][212][213]

Book illustrator

His drawings for short stories include the following: • "Short Turns and Encores" by Dorothy Parker and others, Saturday Evening Post, Jul 29, 1922, p. 16.[214] • "The Blanket" by Floyd Dell, Collier's, Oct 16, 1926, p. 18.[215] • "The Unfairway" by Burford Lorimer (son of George Horace Lorimer), Collier's, Dec 25, 1926, pp. 22–23.[216] • "Tragedy" by Eve Bernstein, Scribner's Magazine, Apr 1928, p. 479.[217] • "On the Dark Trail" by Franklin Holt (pseudonym of Russell M. Coryell), Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1928, p. 71.[218]

The first six entries below are fictional or semi-fictional children's books. The sixth is a collaboration with Howard R. Garis. This genre often called for a more animated, imaginative, and whimsical drawing style (yet still in sync with the story).[219] Martin's artwork credits are given in parentheses.

  • Philus, the Stable Boy of Bethlehem, Edmund J. Cleveland, with a foreword by The Rt. Rev. Charles L. Slattery, Sep 1927 (dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 52, 66, 124).[220] It contains eleven moralistic, pseudo-narrative short stories spanning the church year. In the opener, a stable boy is present at the Nativity.
  • Puck Chasers, Incorporated, Charles G. Muller, Sep 1927 (dust jacket, frontispiece, facing pp. 36, 89, 164, 176).[221] Students popularize a sport by overcoming obstacles. The setting is the Fisk School for Boys in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. This book is one of the earliest about ice hockey. Its predecessors largely focused on a variety of winter sports.
  • Araminta, Helen Cady Forbes, Nov 1927 (DJ, FP, facing pp. 134, 212).[222] Araminta turns eleven years old and finds an abandoned baby, who turns out to have been kidnapped.
  • The Prince and the Pig's Gate, Robert Hugh Morris, May 1928 (DJ, FP, facing pp. 48, 134, 166).[223] It is a collection of twenty-seven allegorical tales designed to teach moral lessons.
  • The Baseball Detective, Charles G. Muller, Aug 1928 (DJ, FP, facing pp. 22, 132, 250).[224] The story revolves around baseball, competition, friendship, and mystery at an all-boys school.
  • Chad of Knob Hill, Howard R. Garis, Sep 1929 (DJ, FP, pp. 14, 60, 85, 97, 163, 187, 213, 281).[225] A Boy Scout troop marches past Chad, an overworked farmhand. He promptly decides to take their oath to become a Lone Scout. Garis also created stories about Uncle Wiggily, a gentlemanly rabbit afflicted with rheumatism.
  • Stories of To-Day and Yesterday, Frederick Houk Law, editor, Feb 1930 (frontispiece).[226] This instructional guide teaches older students how to read, write, and appreciate short fiction effectively.
  • The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls, Clara Whitehill Hunt, chief ed., fall 1930 and fall 1931 (dust jackets, both sides).[227] This authoritative catalog selects the best books for children.

Tennis

Martin debuted on the USLTA circuit in 1909.[44] He was nationally ranked for the first time at number 91 in 1918.[228] Martin also ranked among the top thirty tennis players in the New York metropolitan area from 1920 to 1925 and 1928. Formal evaluation of metro players did not begin until 1920.[229] He broke into the top twenty in 1923 and 1924.[230][231] His forte was hitting accurate shots from the backcourt.[232] Martin collected numerous awards in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles (with Lauretta) between 1919 and 1931.[233][234][235] He won men's singles at the Sunningdale Country Club in 1920. This event was held in Scarsdale for the first time that year.[236][237] Martin won the Lake George[238] and Lake Mohonk[239] singles championships of 1924. His opponents included future Hall of Famers Fred Alexander,[240] Jean Borotra,[241] Francis Hunter,[242] Gerald Patterson,[243] Vincent Richards,[244][ai] Bill Tilden,[245] John Van Ryn,[246] and Marie Wagner.[247] [aj] Martin was a doubles partner and longtime clubmate of newspaper columnist Franklin P. Adams, who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon."[248][ak][al][am] He was a teammate of 14-year-old Vincent Richards, the reigning national boys' champion.[249]

Martin and Bill Tilden competed in the same tournament at least fifteen times,[250] including the U.S. National Championships of 1920–21 and 1924.[251] The latter was played at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium and on its outside courts from August 25 to September 2, 1924. Martin's second-round opponent was former co-world No. 1 Gerald Patterson of Australia. There was a two-day rain delay after the third set.[252] Forty-one-year-old Martin won a set but lost the match, 4–6, 4–6, 9–7, 0–6.[243][253] He later competed in four consecutive Veterans' Singles Championships (ages 45 and over) at Forest Hills from 1928 to 1931.[254][255]

He was a leading singles and doubles player for both the University Heights (Bronx, NY)[256][an] and County (Hartsdale, NY) tennis clubs.[257] Martin was caught up in the fallout of a USLTA ruling in 1924. It prohibited players from writing for profit after a specified date. The distinction between amateurism and professionalism was hotly contested and debated from February to December 1924.[258] Martin did not sign a circulated protest petition, but instead came out "in favor of a reconsideration of the matter," due to widespread discord.[259][ao] He often acted as the referee for women's matches.[260][ap] He organized youth tournaments while serving on the Briarcliff Lodge Sports Club committee.[261][aq]

Ranked tennis players were surveyed for a USLTA magazine article in December 1929. They were asked, "Do you favor playing over all net cord shots, which occur during rallies?" Martin replied, "The outcome of many a match has been decided (more or less) by a net cord shot—for instance, Tilden and Johnston." [This alludes to their final match at Newport in 1919.] "No good sport enjoys winning in this way—and I don't believe the gallery enjoys it, either. We would not think of stopping a match in the middle of an important point and tossing a coin to see who wins the point. That is about what a net cord shot amounts to."[262]

The Westchester County Tennis League was formed with six clubs in 1926.[263] It staged the annual Paul Martin singles tournament eighty-four times between 1932 and 2019.[ar][264][265] This event was initiated by player and executive Fenimore Cady in June 1932.[266] The winners had their names engraved on the base of a trophy-turned-cup[267][268][as] donated by Lauretta in 1934.[269] She and Paul both played in the "Nationals" (now US Open).[270][at] They regularly teamed up in mixed doubles.[271][272][273] His WWI poster was originally displayed in the main gallery of the Tennis Hall of Fame.[au] Its gift shop offered reproductions on coffee mugs[av] and postcards.[274]

The following list includes only open or invitational tournaments sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association, with one exception.[275] Their results largely determined player rankings and who qualified for the Nationals.[276] Martin reached 30 of these finals, which are categorized below by the hosting club.

US Open singles
1920 (1R)
1921 (2R)
1924 (2R)

Wins (12)

Singles

Consolation Singles

Doubles

Mixed Doubles

  • 1920: New York TC (with Lauretta; for married couples)[283][az]             

Runners-up (18)

Singles

Doubles

  • 1921: Greenwich CC (Conn.);[291] Milford Field Club (Pa.)
  • 1925: Lake Mohonk
  • 1926: South Yonkers TC[292][293]
  • 1931: Lake Mohonk[279]

Mixed Doubles

  • 1921: Milford (Pa.)[294][bb]
  • 1925: Lake George (with Lauretta)
  • 1930: Lake George (with Lauretta)[278]

Notes: These are the known finals. Results for mixed doubles were often not recorded. Martin also won many other tournaments, which were open only to members of the County Tennis Club in Hartsdale.[295] The Martins sometimes played on the circuit during road trips.[296]

Grand Slams (majors)

Main article: Grand Slam (tennis)

This list is based solely on appearances. He reached the specified round. Men's singles (3): 1920-1R, 1921-2R, 1924-2R.[251] [Lauretta: 1921-1R.][270] Veterans' singles—ages 45 and over—(4): 1928-4R, 1929-4R, 1930-3R, 1931-3R.[254] Interest in the event later declined. It became a seniors' division of the US Open in 1968.

University Heights Tennis Club

Martin was a longtime committee and playing member of the University Heights TC and lived in the immediate area. He competed in its annual North Side Championships from 1913 to 1929 (except 1914 and 1926). These open events attracted a large number of entries.[297] Martin reached the semifinals in 1913, 1924, and 1928.[298] Singles (13): 1915-5R, 1916-3R, 1917-2R, 1918-4R, 1919-5R, 1920-3R, 1922-3R, 1923-4R, 1924-SF/6R, 1925-3R, 1927-3R, 1928-SF/6R, 1929-2R.[299] Doubles (6): 1913-SF/4R, 1915-3R, 1916-3R, 1919-1R, 1920-3R, 1921-1R.[300] 1922-disc.[301] Mixed doubles: 1923-1R, 1924-2R.[302]

Memberships

These spans were compiled from periodical and newspaper accounts: Maplewood FC (N.J.), 1909–12.[48] University Heights TC (Bronx), 1913–26.[303][bc] County TC of Westchester (Hartsdale), 1926–32.[304] Martin played on the circuit for 23 consecutive years, 1909–31.[10][bd] His wife was an active player between 1914 and 1931.[305] His older brother Ralph participated in tournaments in 1909, 1911, and 1921–22. The brothers were doubles partners at Woodmere in 1911.[46]

Name/Date: Eastern New York State Tennis Championships, June 27, 1925. It was hosted by four different clubs from 1913 to 1926.[306] Excerpts from a firsthand account by sportswriter Allison Danzig:

[Bill] Tilden and Strachan advanced from the semi-finals of the doubles by putting out Alfred D. Hammett and Paul Martin at 6–4, 5–7, 6–1, 6–3. ... It required some of the best tennis that Tilden has played here all week before the Philadelphians were able to overcome the New York pair. Hammett and Martin were always contenders, except in the third set when they slumped badly, and in order to hold them off, Tilden constantly found it necessary to invade his partner's territory and play the opposing pair single-handed. ... There was nothing to choose between the two teams in the first and second sets. In the third set, Hammett and Martin went to pieces as Tilden became rampant and raked their court with placement drives and volleys. After the Philadelphians had gained a commanding lead, the New York pair allowed the set to go without making much effort, preferring to save their strength for the next chapter. But after the rest period, Tilden returned to the courts to play perhaps his best tennis of the match. Both Martin and Hammett fought with everything they had, and their teamwork was splendidly coordinated, but all counted for nought against the individual brilliance of [world No. 1] Tilden.[245][be]

Notes

  1. ↑ Talbert, Bill. Tennis Observed, 1967, pp. 98–99, 102. He played men's singles at Forest Hills in 1920 and 1924, and at the Germantown Cricket Club in 1921. His debut came at age 37.
  2. ↑ The Westchester County Tennis League staged the event every year from 1932 to 2019 (except 1942–45). It was the longest-running tennis event named after an individual, excluding the French Open and Davis Cup. The doubles counterpart ran from 1932 to 1981 (except 1942–45). Further details are available by searching "Paul Martin Memorial" on Fultonhistory.com. It was hosted by various member clubs on a rotating basis.
  3. ↑ New York Tribune, Sep 9, 1919, p. 15; Jun 2, 1920, p. 13; Jun 16, 1920, p. 13; Jul 26, 1921, p. 12; May 23, 1922, p. 13. The New York Times, Jun 23, 1923, p. 7. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 24, 1930, p. 25. Both Bessie Holden and Mrs. Martin played in these events.
  4. ↑ New-York Tribune, May 1, 1899, p. 7. President William McKinley attended Sunday service at Calvary amid great fanfare.
  5. ↑ Meyer, Henry H., ed. Sunday School Journal, Jan 1918, pp. 8–9. "The New Testament and the Old." This lesson compares their differences. HathiTrust (cataloged under the title Church School Journal).
  6. ↑ The school was located at 109th St. and Amsterdam Ave. in NYC. He continued to live at W. 129th St.
  7. ↑ Allen, Frederick J. Advertising as a Vocation, 1919, pp. 98–99. Subheaded "The Art Manager."
  8. ↑ They lived on Ridgewood Ter., while Morrow Memorial (United) Meth­od­ist was on Ridgewood Rd. Madison Eagle (N.J.), Aug 20, 1915, p. 1. Wallace B. Fleming served as pastor from 1904 to 1911. The church ledger confirmed the Martins' membership.
  9. ↑ "Many Players". New-York Tribune, May 17, 1910, p. 9; May 20, 1910, p. 8; May 29, 1910, p. 8; Jun 2, 1910, p. 9; Jun 21, 1910, p. 9; Jul 2, 1910, p. 9; The Sun, May 29, 1911, p. 4; May 31, 1911, p. 9; Aug 12, 1911, p. 7; Aug 14, 1911, p. 9; Jul 4, 1912, p. 9. He was quite active from 1910 to 1911.
  10. ↑ Building. Our Second Methodist Postcard Album, 1991, p. 29. Internet Archive.
  11. ↑ Lauretta's parents were Mary Immler (1854–1937) and Jacob Willey (1849–1939). The Daily Argus (Mt. Vernon, N.Y.), Aug 2, 1937, p. 2. Mary's obituary: "[She] lived in Mt. Vernon 25 years. She was a member of the Chester Hill M. E. Church." The New York Times, Jul 27, 1939, p. 19. Jacob's obituary: "[A] real estate operator and produce dealer."
  12. ↑ They belonged to the University Heights (Bronx) and later County (Hartsdale, N.Y.) tennis clubs. Their career highlights are covered within the "Tennis" section.
  13. ↑ The props included caps, jackets, jerseys, neckties, pajamas, shirts, sports equipment, and sweaters. His published works incorporated them. They sometimes appeared in multiple illustrations. Leather Cap; Leather Cap 2. The same helmet can be seen in these two separate files at Wikimedia Commons.
  14. ↑ Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932, p. 4. He was a dedicated tennis enthusiast. His freelance commercial output declined as a result.
  15. ↑ This category included a variety of entertainment, pictures, politics, serials, short stories, and sports.
  16. ↑ This was common practice at the time. Collier's tended to prefer less detailed cover art that conveyed plain & simple thoughts. The Post adopted an opposing approach.
  17. ↑ American Art Annual, 1922, p. 498. His studios were in Manhattan (1920–25) and at home in Millwood (1925–32). HathiTrust.
  18. ↑ The federal War Camp Activities managed soldiers' needs within the barracks, while the War Camp Community Service provided entertainment for troops on leave. They had a supportive and complementary relationship.
  19. ↑ Official Gazette, May 1927, vol. 358, p. 632 (slogan). HathiTrust.
  20. ↑ Larned, W. Livingston. Illustration in Advertising, 1925, pp. 64–71.
  21. ↑ He's wearing a leather helmet while playing football. She's applying a bandage while telling him to be more careful. The girl in real life was the boy's aunt Helen, an older teenager. They posed for two H-O Oats paintings during the same photo shoot. The other was worded You can't call me skinny now! Ultimately, her modeling career lasted for only one day.
  22. ↑ Advertising Outdoors, Dec 1931, pp. 39–40. "Reproducing the Poster." The original artwork was projected to produce an enlarged image, and then hand-copied onto 44" x 60" sheets. However, this tedious process could also be done photographically to eliminate manual copying. The sheets were then chemically transferred to zinc plates for further development and coloring. These steps allowed for a near-exact replica to enter production.
  23. ↑ Printers' Ink, Apr 6, 1922, pp. 3–8, 165–66. The display periods were brief because company salesmen continually pushed to highlight their own products. This direct approach predated the emergence of food brokers. Many store owners would not allow ads to hang from overhead wires. They felt that such displays created a cluttered appearance.
  24. ↑ New York Herald Tribune, Oct 18, 1931, sec. 2, p. 13. The original was in a display window at Wanamaker's for one week.
  25. ↑ Sales (#16). These details are for greater clarity and accuracy. Martin sold the painting to Parents' Magazine in March 1930. Mrs. Martin's notes—later copied by her niece, Adele—indicate the piece went unused. Wayback Machine. Parents sold the painting to American Lithographic. Acting as an intermediary for Foreign Service, American Lithographic negotiated with Martin to adapt the artwork into a Memorial Day poster. It appeared shortly thereafter on the cover of Foreign Service, dated May 1932.
  26. ↑ There are also unsigned credits that cannot be verified. A neighbor, William Everett Orser (1919–2016), posed for him as the Dutch Boy. This is according to nonagenarian Don Reynolds and records kept by Lauretta Martin. His paintings were occasionally turned into unsalvage­a­ble, large outdoor displays. Their scaled-down counterparts in grocery markets were typically discarded. Consequently, surviving pictures are generally limited to those featured in trade magazines. Panel (date column). Further details are available via the links. Commons.
  27. ↑ His credits include all images of the boy wearing a two-piece pajama set, which served as the company's logo from 1930 to 1934.
  28. ↑ They came with internal elastic straps (also called bands).
  29. ↑ These were decals that stuck to the windows.
  30. ↑ "Master Pajamas" faded in popularity over time. Nonetheless, the image showed up on automotive boxes and parts until 1978. This assortment included air filters, brake fluid, car mats, car wax, coolant, headlamps, oil filters, shock absorbers, spark plugs, and tune-up kits. It later appeared on Franklin Mint collectibles, Lionel boxcars, and label stickers for Fisk Classic tires.
  31. ↑ Most of those twenty-five winners were also shown on its Oct 1956 cover. The rest were obscured by text overlays.
  32. ↑ Farm & Fireside became Country Home with the Feb 1930 issue.
  33. ↑ It was sold to Farm Journal and published as Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife (May 1939–Jul 1945). The title was later shortened to Farm Journal with a "Farmer's Wife" back section (Aug 1945–1970).
  34. ↑ Martin's model was Donald Bruce Reynolds (1924–2020). Their known collaborations are as follows: 1. Parents cover, Oct 1930 (reader). Internet Archive. This image later appeared on a Gerlach Barklow calendar with altered lettering (relativity). 2. GE refrigerator ad. Three children are dressed as adults (role-playing). 3. H-O Oats outdoor posters (a, b, and c). Commons. Their miniature versions were displayed in grocery stores. 4. Foreign Service cover, May 1932. — U.S. Census 1930 (under "Carlyle Reynolds," b. 1899). The artist and model lived on opposite ends of a long road. Oral history. "Americans in Wartime Experience." "Don's Life" (para. 2). "Fondest memories." Wayback Machine.
  35. ↑ NY Tribune, Oct 1, 1917, p. 13; May 8, 1919, p. 22 (top-center box). The schoolboy prodigy and seasoned veteran were clubmates at Univ. Hts. The New York Times, Apr 4, 1919, p. 12 (opening sentence). Richards simultaneously belonged to two tennis clubs. The Sun, Oct 6, 1919, p. 20; NY Times, Oct 19, 1919, sec. 10, p. 6 (2nd column); NY Herald, Oct 4, 1920, p. 11. They were no longer fellow members.
  36. ↑ New York Tribune, Oct 20, 1919, p. 13. He competed against Watson Washburn in a non-sanctioned interclub tournament.
  37. ↑ "Diary". New York Tribune, Jul 2, 1919, p. 10. Adams wrote that for refreshments, event volunteer Mrs. Martin served him cake, sandwiches, and tea.
  38. ↑ Bridgeport Telegram, Jul 5, 1924, p. 8. The Martins topped Adams and Mayme McDonald in New Canaan, Connecticut. Newspapers.com.
  39. ↑ New York Tribune, Jul 4, 1915, pt. 2, p. 4; Jul 1, 1917, pt. 2, p. 3 & Jul 2, 1917, p. 11; Jun 30, 1919, p. 12; Jul 6, 1920, p. 12; May 22, 1922, p. 9; The New York Times, Jun 23, 1923, p. 7; May 4, 1924, sec. 10, p. 6. Both played in these tournaments at University Heights.
  40. ↑ New York Tribune, Mar 22, 1919, p. 19; Oct 24, 1919, p. 15. Its courts were along the banks of the Harlem River, on Harlem River Terrace (now I-87).
  41. ↑ Compact summary: The USLTA delegates strengthened an existing rule on Feb 2, 1924. It stated that active players who were paid to write about tennis would lose their amateur status, effective Jan 1, 1925. The delegates voted in blocs and easily approved the motion (47,196 to 6,250). It would have most deeply affected Bill Tilden, followed distantly by Vincent Richards. Strong opposition came from the influential S. Wallis Merrihew, fans, and writers. Twelve of the top twenty-five ranked players in the NY metro area, among others, signed a petition. It rebuked the new rule, which redefined amateurism. Walter Merrill Hall (#11) and Martin (#18) did not sign on with the pro-Tilden faction. They instead co-wrote a letter urging its reconsideration.

    President George W. Wightman appointed a special committee to resolve the matter. It consisted of Arthur Hellen, Merrihew, Mersereau, and Tilden. However, this led to a 2–2 stalemate. "Consequently, these deadlocked members broadened the negotiating body by adding three who were uncommitted to either side: Devereux Milburn, George W. Pepper, and Grantland Rice. The USLTA's Executive Committee accepted their report on Dec 13. This greatly revised version was unanimously approved by the delegates on Jan 7, 1925. The alternative was to resume hostilities. The link is accessible via archive.org.
  42. ↑ New York Evening Post, Jun 19, 1925, p. 14; The New York Times, Jun 19, 1925, p. 15 (2nd column). Helene Pollak Falk nearly collapsed during the semi-finals. Referee Martin assisted her off the court.
  43. ↑ "Exhibition". The New York Times, Apr 13, 1925, p. 16 (bottom center). Herbert Bowman and Martin came back from near defeat to win at Briarcliff.
  44. ↑ The perpetual trophy is etched with the names of winners from every year in that span, except 1942–45. The tournament was canceled due to low registration amid the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Players with at least three singles titles are Bailey Brown, John Mangan, Melvin Partridge, Dick Squires, and Bill Tully.
  45. ↑ The News (Bronxville), Aug 23, 1912, p. 9; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 17, 1912, p. 1; Sep 9, 1932, p. 1; Oct 7, 1932, p. 14; Sep 22, 1933, p. 11. This indirectly related information serves to avoid confusion. The County Tennis Club's men's singles champs had their names engraved on an entirely different memorial cup starting in 1932. This cup was last mentioned in print on Sep 22, 1933. It was repurposed from a runner-up trophy Martin won at Harlem (1923). Incidentally, the County club's first tournament (restricted to members) took place in 1912. News.hrvh.org.
  46. ↑ Both Martins played singles at the 1921 "Nationals." It's a minor but rare occurrence for a married couple. This was also achieved by Hobart/Schultz (1905), Niles/Pitkin (1920–21), Chapin/Hosmer (1926), Van Ryn/Gladman (1931–37), Hopman/Hall (1938), Kovacs/Wolfenden (1941), Cooke/Palfrey (1945), Hoad/Staley (1956), Susman/Hantze (1964), Graebner/Caldwell (1964–65), Bowrey/Turner (1969), Curtis/Eisel (1969–70), Reid/Melville (1975–76), Lloyd/Evert (1979, 81, 83–85), Borg/Simionescu (1980), Monfils/Svitolina (2021, 23–26), & Shevchenko/Potapova (2024).
  47. ↑ This serigraph (silkscreen print) has been exhibited periodically at various locations since 1965. The museum's archives include a letter from Sec.-Treas. Henry Heffernan, dated December 3, 1965. It mentions the artwork's original display location. The Day, Aug 28, 1983, p. C4. "Tennis Hall Does More than List Stars."
  48. ↑ Dimensions: height 3.75", width 3.25" (w/o handle). The Hall of Fame's logo is on the back.
  49. ↑ Cachet. This cover explains why the Times and Tribune, confusingly, referred to him as being from Mamakating on Aug 16, 1915. Commons. The Sun, Aug 13, 1916, sec. 2, p. 2. Bklyn. Daily Eagle, Sep 3, 1916, sec. 3 (resorts), p. 6. Excerpt: "Martin of the University Heights Tennis Club, who had been picked to win the tournament [at Merriewold Park in 1916]." His name and club are correctly tied together. Newspapers.com.
  50. ↑ It was a non-championship final, unlike the other twenty-nine. Nonetheless, the winner still received an award.
  51. ↑ Am. Lawn Tennis, Aug 5, 1930, p. 364. No tournaments were held, 1926–1929.
  52. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, May 15, 1920, p. 99. There were three events.
  53. ↑ The Evening Telegram, May 20, 1923, p. 10. Martin is referred to as "the University Heights veteran." This tie-in corrects an error made by two other dailies on that date.
  54. ↑ His usual mixed doubles partner, Lauretta, could not play due to a rare scheduling conflict. She had a first-round singles match at the "Nationals" on Aug 15. New York Times, Jun 27, 1924, p. 22 (5th column). His partner was not Lauretta but a friend, Helen Simpson. New York Times, Jun 12, 1923, p. 17; Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924, p. 9; Jul 18, 1925, p. 3; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925, p. F2 ("Brooklyn Guests"); American Lawn Tennis, Jun 20, 1930, p. 166. He and Simpson worked together on several tournament committees.
  55. ↑ He might have joined the club between Oct and Dec 1912. However, newspaper documentation is unlikely to exist because the tennis season had nearly concluded.
  56. ↑ NY Tribune, May 17, 1914, pt. 2, p. 6. "Play for Bronx Court Title." Martin's leanest year on the circuit was 1914. Cachet ("Other info"). This postmarked, handwritten envelope explains the reasoning. Commons.
  57. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 30, 1921, p. 12. Hammett and Martin were clubmates at University Heights. They sometimes partnered in doubles. Deford, Frank. Big Bill Tilden, 1976, p. 221. Donald Strachan of Philadelphia was one of Tilden's protégés. Internet Archive.

References

  1. ↑ Glamour Portrait. Wikimedia Commons. MyTrees.com (lifespan).
  2. ↑ Register of Deaths for the Village of Ossining, N.Y. He was hospitalized from March 12 to 19. He lived in the hamlet of Millwood. U.S. Census 1930 (home address). Birthdate. American Art Annual, 1928, vol. 24, p. 654.
  3. ↑ Close-up. "Electric Sign for Wrigley's Gum." Wide Shot. "High-Angle Night View." Digital Culture of Metropolitan New York / New York Historical. Photographer: William Davis Hassler. Close-up 2; Wide Shot 2. Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ Electrical Record, Jul 1917, p. 54 ("largest"). Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920, p. 12 (box section). HathiTrust.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 American Lawn Tennis, Jun 15, 1918, p. 88. Size: 17" x 31". It was also available as postage stamps and poster stamps. It is print-signed (near ankle). The Training Camp Fund paid for the War Camp Activities.
  6. ↑ Parents' Magazine, October 1951. This commemorative cover displayed twenty-five annual winners from 1926 to 1950.
  7. ↑ "Snappy". The Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930, p. 76 (print-signed). It was publicly introduced in the issue dated Feb 8, 1930. "8th Flash". Automobile Topics, Dec 16, 1916, p. 547. The original boy wore a sleeper.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Saturday Evening Post (1930): Feb 8, p. 106; Mar 8, p. 76; Apr 5, p. 107; May 3, p. 69; May 10, p. 128; May 24, p. 61; May 31, p. 99; Jun 7, p. 67; Jun 21, p. 89; Jun 28, p. 87; Jul 5, p. 69; Jul 26, p. 91; Aug 23, p. 38. Internet Archive.
  9. ↑ This poster was pictured and sold in every Girl Scout Equipment catalog from Fall 1931 to Fall 1936. It was replaced by the 25th anniversary poster in spring 1937. Excerpt from the 1935 (p. 38) and 1936 (p. 33) catalogs: "Used by many troops at the group meeting place on a bulletin board." Usefulness, Fall 1932. Usefulness 2, Spring 1933. It is faintly print-signed (near left elbow). Internet Archive.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 USLTA-sanctioned. The two subheadings "University Heights Tennis Club" and "Memberships" cover all years except 1914 (sourced separately).
  11. ↑ New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917, p. 13. "Auto Springs Leak." Richards was only 14 years old. New York Tribune, Jul 2, 1919, p. 12. Chad of Knob Hill, 1929.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Framed. It is silkscreened and periodically exhibited. The donor was Bessie Holden. Wayback Machine. The Sun, Apr 21, 1918, sec. 7, p. 8; Jul 16, 1918, p. 13. She helped organize the National Tennis Women's War Relief Association.
  13. ↑ Perlman, Bennard B. The Golden Age of American Illustration, 1978, p. 7 (foreword). Bogart, Michele H. Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art, 1995, p. 15. Internet Archive.
  14. ↑ Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1922, p. 124. "American Illustration and the Repro­duc­tive Arts." HathiTrust. Groesbeck, Harry A. Process and Practice of Photo-engraving, 1924, pp. 2, 9. Internet Archive.
  15. ↑ The New York Times, Nov 10, 1911, p. 11. Pyle's obituary: "He was almost the father of American magazine illustration, as it is known to-day." Internet Archive.
  16. ↑ Bogart, Michele H. Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art, 1995, pp. 1–4, 47–55, 78. Most illustrators lacked job security and a steady income. They still held a higher status than advertising artists. Internet Archive.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Transformation. Heller, Steven; File, Louise. Cover Story: The Art of American Magazine Covers 1900-1950, 1996, pp. 7–8 ("documented"), 9–12 ("recognition"), 16–17 ("decades").
  18. ↑ Day, Charles; Henry, Patrick; Ryder, Ellen. The Magazine Publishing Industry, 1997, pp. vii, 4, 17. Internet Archive.
  19. ↑ Lule, Jack. Understanding Media and Culture in the 2020s, 2023, pp. 165–69 (chapter 5). Internet Archive.
  20. ↑ New York Press, Dec 13, 1890, p. 2. Excerpt: "Mr. [Robert C.] Martin, who had been employed as a bookkeeper by the firm for twelve years, was admitted as a partner February 1, 1882." "Peck, Martin & Co." specialized in building materials, especially bricks. Fultonhistory.com.
  21. ↑ "Masons". Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide, Jan 5, 1884, p. 24vi (center); Aug 30, 1890, p. 275 (interviewed). Real Estate Record, Feb 7, 1891, p. 199 (now "Martin & Co."). HathiTrust.
  22. ↑ U.S. Census 1880 (listed under "Robt. C."). U.S. Censuses of 1900 and 1910. Six of the nine children were still living. New York Herald, Nov 5, 1864, p. 3. They were married in 1864. NY Herald, Jul 30, 1917, p. 4; New York Tribune, Jul 30, 1917, p. 7 (Robert's obits). He was survived by Hannah, five sons, and one daughter. The funeral service was held at Calvary M. E. Church in Manhattan, at 129th St. & 7th Ave. New York Times, Sep 21, 1919, sec. 1, p. 22 (Hannah's obit).
  23. ↑ U.S. Census 1880 (listed under "Robt. C."); New York & New Jersey Telephone Company (directory), 1888, sec. NYC, p. 81; Trow's New York City Directory, 1890, p. 835. They lived near the future site of Penn Station.
  24. ↑ The Sun, Dec 13, 1890, p. 8. "Real Estate Transfers" (fifth entry down). It was located north of 138th, on the east side. Trow's New York City Directory, 1891, p. 912; 1892, p. 948; 1893, p. 931; 1894, p. 931; 1896, p. 966; 1897, p. 863. Home: Edgecombe Ave. Their address is listed under "Rob't F." (son of Robert C.) for 1896 and 1897. New York Public Library Digital Collections.
  25. ↑ Paul was born after the unrecorded death of an infant sibling. The Sun, Jul 17, 1891, p. 5. His baby sister, Theresa, died at thirteen months. The Evening World, Jun 20, 1893, p. 7. His teenage sister, Hannah Louisa, died at age 16. Both funeral services were held at the family home on Edgecombe Ave. These sources are available on Chronicling America under "Hannah A. Martin."
  26. ↑ U.S. Census 1880. The family lived on 31st Street. U.S. Census 1900. They lived on 129th Street.
  27. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1899, p. 846. They lived on 129th St.
  28. ↑ Adams, L. C. H.; Strobridge, G. E., eds. Minutes of the New York Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1884, p. 74. The family father is listed as a church official. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  29. ↑ "Collection". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1885, p. 64. Five of the Martins are identified as members.
  30. ↑ "Elected". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1893, pp. 5, 6. They joined Calvary after moving to Edgecombe Avenue in Harlem. Its pastor was James Roscoe Day. was designated a historic landmark in 2016. HathiTrust.
  31. ↑ The Metropolitan Church and Choir Directory of New York and Brooklyn, 1888, p. 56. Position: "Supt. S. S." New York Herald, Jul 30, 1917, p. 4 (PDF; "superintendent" at both). The family relocated from Chelsea to Harlem in 1890. Calvary was sold to another congregation in 1923. Wayback Machine.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Citizen-Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), Mar 19, 1932, p. 1 (PDF). Excerpts: "An art enthusiast from his boyhood. ... He studied commercial art at the Academy of Design." ... "Martin gained a national reputation when he designed the automobile tire advertisement, 'Time to Re-tire'" ... "He has won several art prizes, including an award last year for drawing the best poster symbolizing the Girl Scout movement." ... "[M]ember of the Artists' Guild. He was also a member of the County Club of Westchester and of the Scarsdale Badminton Club." Wayback Machine.
  33. ↑ U.S. Census 1900. Enumeration Date: Jun 9. The teen just turned 17. Occupation: "clerk in office of broker."
  34. ↑ The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932, sec. 2, p. 7. "He had studied at the National Academy of Design."
  35. ↑ Enrollment. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. File: National Academy of Design records, 1817–2012. His student records were on three cards, with one stamped "On Probation." All students in the Life class were initially placed on probation. Commons.
  36. ↑ Levy, Florence N., ed. American Art Annual, 1903, vol. 4, p. 288. He took an Antique class (drawing from plaster casts) taught by Jones and Ward in fall 1902. American Art Annual, 1905, vol. 5, p. 304. He took classes in Life (drawing live models) under instructors Maynard and Ward, & Illustration under Hilton in fall 1903.
  37. ↑ New York State Census, 1905. Effective Date: Jun 1. Occupation: "artist" [not student].
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Positions. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920, p. 12. Excerpt: "It is interesting to note that this drawing was made by Paul Martin, who, while he was with the O. J. Gude Co., designed the famous Wrigley electric sign showing the dancing 'spear-men,' still on display on Broadway in New York." "Mr. Martin was for seven years [the] art manager of the New York Tribune." This write-up gives him credit for the cover. Otherwise, credit would have gone solely to Gotham Studios, whose insignia is on the cover. Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. Employer: Gude, 220 W. 42nd St.
  39. ↑ U.S. Census 1910 (listed under "Robert C."). Occupation: "Manager" and "Art Dept. Daily Paper." Directory of the Oranges (N.J.), Price & Lee Co., 1910, p. 400 (PDF) "mgr NY"; 1912, p. 429 (PDF) "mgr NY". Maplewood Library's digital archive. WBM. He began commuting to work from New Jersey in 1908.
  40. ↑ Birmingham, Ernest F., ed. The Fourth Estate, Dec 10, 1904, p. 9 (left column, paragraph 3). HathiTrust. Plainfield Courier-News (N.J.), Oct 2, 1906, p. 7. Horgan was art manager at the New-York Tribune. He became art manager at the Newark Advertiser on October 1. Newspapers.com.
  41. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1907, vol. CXXI, p. 1063 (home: 129th St.); 1908, vol. CXXII, p. 928 (listed under "Robt. C."). Home: Orange, N.J. Maplewood was then a village in the South Orange Township. Their new home was constructed in 1908 (block 10.03, lot 120).
  42. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1909, p. 937. Robert Martin is in the building materials ("bldgmatls") business and resides in Maplewood.
  43. ↑ U.S. Census 1910 (listed under "Robert C."). Paul's parents, siblings, occupation, and residence are listed. New York Herald, Jul 7, 1912, p. 15; Jul 21, 1912, p. 15 (PDF). He played in interclub tennis tournaments as a member of the Maplewood FC (later CC). Wayback Machine.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 New-York Tribune, Sep 1, 1909, p. 5 (1–2R); Sep 14, 1909, p. 5; Sep 15, 1909, p. 8. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910, pp. 98–99, 181. He played singles and doubles in both tournaments.
  45. ↑ New-York Tribune, Aug 31, 1909, p. 4 (1R). New-York Tribune, Sep 14, 1909, p. 5. Ralph won and lost a match by default at Morristown.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Travers Island". American Lawn Tennis, Aug 15, 1921, p. 317; Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910, pp. 98 (defaults), 181; Spalding's, 1912, p. 206; New-York Tribune, Aug 14, 1911, p. 8 (doubles partners); Jul 19, 1921, p. 11; Jun 12, 1922, p. 11. They both played in these events. Ralph was otherwise inactive on the circuit.
  47. ↑ FamilySearch. Ralph Arndt Martin (Oct 1870 – Jan 1961) was born in New Jersey. U.S. Census 1910. His wife and uncle-in-law (house­holder) were Alice and Charles Yardley Turner. Their shared home was on 14th St. in Manhattan. It's recorded under the misspelled initials "C. E. Y. Turner." U.S. Census 1920. Ralph and Alice had moved to East Orange, N.J.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 [covering 1909], p. 181. He played singles and doubles (teamed with Harry N. Balch) at the Nyack CC. New-York Tribune, Sep 15, 1909, p. 8; Spalding's, 1910, p. 99. New-York Tribune, Jun 3, 1910, p. 9; Jun 24, 1910, p. 8. Spalding's, 1912, p. 160. Friedman–Grant topped Balch–Martin, 7–5, 6–2. Spalding's, 1913, p. 64. Balch and Martin formed a tandem in So. Orange, N.J. New York Herald, Jul 7, 1912, p. 15 (PDF; "Maplewood"); Jul 21, 1912, p. 15 (PDF; "Glenridge"). They were clubmates and doubles partners at the Maplewood FC. The last two links are via Wayback Machine.
  49. ↑ U.S. Census 1910. Their home addresses are listed under Paul's father and Harry Balch. They were neighbors on Ridgewood Terrace. Both attended Morrow Memorial Methodist, according to the church ledger.
  50. ↑ Invitation. Their wedding announcement card listed the location and date as New York, Sep 27, 1912. Commons. New Jersey State Archives, Marriage Records, via Ancestry.com; New Jersey, United Methodist Church Records, 1800–1970. However, its actual location was Hoboken (N.J.), at the First M. E. Church. The date remained unchanged. The certificate is signed by rector Johnston, who added "Hoboken." The bride's name is misspelled on the document as Loretta.
  51. ↑ U.S. Census 1900. The Willey family lived on W. 119th St. in Central Harlem. They and the Martins attended Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church. Year Book of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1904, p. 43 (Emma's full name); 1905, pp. 37, 39. This shows that Lauretta and her sister Emma attended Calvary. HathiTrust.
  52. ↑ U.S. Censuses of 1900, 1910, and 1930. Emma was a lifelong public school teacher. Dialogues of Plato, 1899, front i-ii. HathiTrust. U.S. Census 1910. Charles I. Willey (b. Illinois, 1859) founded the printing house in 1899. Charles's middle initial was incorrectly recorded as "F." This place specialized in reprinting old books. Walter was an employee who later took over the company. They had the same surname but were unrelated. His job titles were as follows: 1. Trow Copartnership ..., 1909, p. 449. Bookseller (fifth entry down). 2. U.S. Census 1910. Publisher's accountant. 3. New York State Census, 1915. Office clerk. 4. R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow ..., Jun 1917, p. 2040. Bookkeeper (bkpr). His wife's name was Florence. 5. R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow ..., Nov 1920, p. 1909. Bookseller. It's listed under the company name, with Florence as the owner. 6. NY State Census, 1925. Publisher.
  53. ↑ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1913, p. 812; R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City ..., Mar 1915, p. 1258. They lived on Loring Pl.
  54. ↑ New York State Census 1915; U.S. Census 1920 (rental); Westchester County, New York, Property Record, August 15, 1925. They lived on Andrews Ave. from 1915 to 1925.
  55. ↑ R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City, Embracing the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, Apr 1916, p. 1140. Home: "Andrews Ave." Occupation: "artist." Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. It was a fourth-floor apartment.
  56. ↑ New Jersey State Archives, Marriage Records, Sep 1912. Occupation: "artist," not art manager. Cachet. Paul wrote to Lauretta while working at Gude in 1914. His artistic credits nearly always went to the company. Commons.
  57. ↑ Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918 – via FamilySearch. Employer: "O. J. Gude & Co." Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920, p. 12. Martin left Gude and now works for Gotham Studios. He received credit for the cover, which features Gotham's logo.
  58. ↑ Buyout. Printers' Ink, Mar 13, 1919, pp. 46–47. Internet Archive.
  59. ↑ Record and Guide, Mar 1, 1913, p. 478 (near 22nd on B'way/far upper right); May 10, 1913, p. 1022 (220 W. 42nd/far upper right). The company's address changed between March and May.
  60. ↑ Parable. Printers' Ink, Mar 11, 1920, p. 72. He drew the ancient Greek philos­o­pher, Empedocles, while working for Gotham Studios. It was rare for an employee to receive credit (top right).
  61. ↑ U.S. Census 1920. Enumeration Date: Jan 5. He was living in the West Bronx and working in outdoor advertising.
  62. ↑ "Reward Employees". Advertising & Selling, Jan 10, 1920, p. 48 (lower right). HathiTrust. St. James Building. Commons.
  63. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 4, 1920, p. 17 (5th column, 52nd ad down); Sep 5, 1920, sec. 8, p. 12 (2nd column, 28th ad down). Text: "SPACE with telephone service, wanted by artist." Clock Repair. This is Martin's first freelancing credit.
  64. ↑ R. L. Polk & Co.'s Trow General Directory of New York City ..., March 1923, p. 1223. Home and office addresses are given. Copyrights: Hearings ... on H.R. 11258, 1925, p. 143; American Water Color Society, catalog, 1921, pp. 17, 33; American Art Annual, 1922, p. 498; 1926, p. 591 (office address).
  65. ↑ Guild. Printers' Ink Monthly, Dec 1920, p. 97 (non-member); Guild 2. Jan 1921, p. 97 (new member).
  66. ↑ Westchester County, New York, Property Record, Aug 15, 1925. The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932, sec. 2, p. 7. "He came to [Greater] Ossining six years ago from New York City."
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 67.4 67.5 Hard Row to Hoe (literary newsletter), Fall 2005, vol. 9, p. 1, pp. 2–3. Wayback Machine. It's a collaboration between Joe E. (Edwin) Armstrong and Martin's niece, Adele. This source is cited six times, each referring to a different sentence on p. 2 or 3. Excerpt: "[The] Fisk tire advertisement, 'A Time to Retire,' with Adele's brother Walter as a model, was his best known work." The niece recalled visiting the artist with her brother and sister: "We climbed the oak stairs to the second floor ... [and] entered a huge, bright room ... This was my uncle's studio." "Although my uncle generally used local models, especially boys, some of our family posed for photographs, which would later miraculously turn into paintings. My grandmother was depicted in a Thanksgiving scene basting a turkey." ... "My brother and I sat for The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls while Uncle Paul took our picture ... we sat on the kitchen table of our own house." "My sister modeled for [a] Junior Red Cross poster; she posed as well, taking a license number from a boy's homemade car for hitting her carriage and doll." Adele's mentioned relatives included grandma Mary Willey, née Immler (1854–1937), brother Walter Jr., and sister Edna. Adele and Armstrong were neighbors in Healdsburg.
  68. ↑ Cottage Tor. Martin's painting depicts their two-story home.
  69. ↑ Armstrong, Joe E. Hard Row to Hoe, Fall 2005, p. 1; pp. 2–3. The northern light is mentioned in two different sections on p. 2.
  70. ↑ Window. The front of their home was not drawn to scale. Hence, the north side was likely not either. Nonetheless, the greeting card shows the general layout.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 The Daily Argus (Mount Vernon, N.Y.), Jul 11, 1927, p. 1 (PDF). Subhead­ing: "Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Willey." The Martins are mentioned, along with their nephew Walter Jr. and nieces Adele and Edna. This provides a vintage tie-in. Studio Portrait. Pictured left to right are siblings Adele, Walter Jr., and Edna in 1930. Wayback Machine.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Helpers. His niece Edna is second from the top right. It is print-signed on the globe's lower right. Commons. Helpers 2. Florida Health Notes, Florida State Board of Health, Nov 1930, p. 184. Akron Beacon Journal, Oct 8, 1930, p. 15. Two girls are displaying the poster. "Grammar School". American Junior Red Cross News, Mar 1932, p. 154 (upper left).
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Oven Roasted. She's preparing the main course. Commons. Oven Roasted 2. Thomas, John Wesley; Thomas, Sandra Lynn. Thanksgiving: An Illustrated History, 2011, p. 67. "Anticipation." Internet Archive.
  74. ↑ Ossining Remembered, Ossining Historical Society, 1999, p. 99. The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932, sec. 2, p. 7 ("church").
  75. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Apr 20, 1932, p. 64. "Paul Martin, well known in New York tennis circles and a [longtime] member of the University Heights Tennis Club, died suddenly." His death was also mentioned in the table of contents on p. 3. Printers' Ink, Mar 24, 1932, vol. 158:12, p. 80. Excerpt: "artist of the current H-O posters." Internet Archive. Register of Deaths, Village of Ossining, Reg. No. 33.
  76. ↑ The New York Times, Mar 20, 1932, sec. 2, p. 7. Excerpts: "an artist specializing in advertising ... studied at the National Academy of Design. ... Funeral services will be held Tuesday in the Highland Methodist Church."
  77. ↑ Citizen-Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), Mar 19, 1932, p. 1. Subheading: "Originator of 'Time to Re-tire.'" Excerpt: "Services will be Tuesday night at 7 o'clock at the Highland Avenue M. E. Church." His surviving siblings were Frances "Fanny," George, Ralph, and Robert. Fultonhistory.com. Cit.-Sen., Mar 23, 1932, p. 2. Excerpt: "A group of his most intimate friends and relatives attended."
  78. ↑ "Paul Martin Tennis Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 22, 1934, p. 1 (traits). News.hrvh.org. The Standard-Star, Jun 21, 1934, p. 21. It's a similar article.
  79. ↑ Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932, p. 4 (quote). Column: "Village Vagabond." His constant presence served as a stabilizing force. News.hrvh.org. American Lawn Tennis, Apr 20, 1932, p. 3 (contents), p. 64 (tribute). His death was noted on the contents page.
  80. ↑ Social Security Death Index (MyTrees.com). Lifetime: Jul 7, 1880, New York City, N.Y. – Aug 14, 1972, Mt. Vernon, N.Y. Mount Vernon Argus, Aug 15, 1972, p. 18 (obit). Newspapers.com.
  81. ↑ New York Times, Sep 27, 1935, p. 41; Bklyn. Daily Eagle, Sep 29, 1935, p. E4. Polk's Mt. Vernon City Directory, 1937, p. 307. She lived on Park Ave. U.S. Censuses of 1940 and 1950. Her address was recorded as Cottage Ave., an adjacent street.
  82. ↑ Campbell, Richard; Martin, Christopher R.; Fabos, Bettina. Media Essentials: A Brief Introduction, 2013, pp. 102–03. Internet Archive.
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 McArdle, Kenneth, ed. Cavalcade of Collier's, 1959, pp. xii–xiii.
  84. ↑ Scribner's Magazine, May 1939, pp. 20–21. Its circulation soared under Chenery. He was in full control from the start. Mott, Frank Luther. History of American Magazines, 1957, pp. 469–73. Internet Archive.
  85. ↑ Shoveling Snow. Collier's, Dec 25, 1926; Dec 27, 1924. HathiTrust.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1922, p. 126 (niche).
  87. ↑ These eighteen described activities or situations each appeared on a Collier's cover between Feb 2, 1924, and Aug 27, 1927. Their dates of issue are compiled under "Magazine cover illustrator."
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 Beginning Flutist. "Correct Position for the Fingers." He's wearing a sailor suit with a big red bow. His hands are dirty from playing outside. Dayton C. Miller Collection, Library of Congress.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Fast Ride. A joyful boy and an apprehensive dog display contrasting emotions. Commons.
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Mealtime: grace. The boy is thankful and patient, yet irritated. The dog eagerly anticipates a sausage snack. WBM.
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 Brook Fishing. A student daydreams during an English grammar class. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 Spirited Fan. Self-portrait of Martin wearing a derby hat amid red carnations, though a fanciful mustache was added. The cover story is about horse betting. Commons.
  93. ↑ Magic Trick. This sketched idea for a cover was sent to Collier's art department.
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Cited Collision. It's a unique preliminary sketch and the resulting magazine cover. Board thickness: 1/16". Commons.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Session 1. This shows a model posing and the final result. It appeared in numerous newspapers and in the Saturday Evening Post in 1930. It's print-signed. The boy and two girls were photographed separately.
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Session 2. This shows a model posing and the final result. It appeared on the cover of Foreign Service in 1932. It's print-signed. The boy is holding a paintbrush. The handle has an attached matchbox instead of a flower.
  97. ↑ "Facts". Printers' Ink Monthly, Oct 1920, pp. 25, 26 ("feet"). It was located atop the old Putnam Building. That site was replaced by the Paramount Building at 1501 Broadway. Electrical World, Oct 6, 1917, p. 683; Printers' Ink, Oct 18, 1917, p. 25; Electrical Experimenter, Jan 1918, p. 597; Dec 1918, p. 526. The lettering was changed to help sell Liberty bonds throughout Oct 1917.
  98. ↑ Advertising & Selling, Jun 1917, p. 33 (testimonials). "One of the best musical numbers I have ever seen." —George M. Cohan, songwriter. HathiTrust. New York Tribune, Apr 28, 1920, p. 8. "Fountains play" and "Trade mark changes." This ad appeared in hundreds of newspapers from Dec 1919 to Aug 1920. Wrigley's amusing sign was directed toward the masses. Its energetic, pointy-headed sprites promoted the health benefits of chewing gum.
  99. ↑ City Lights. New York Public Library Digital Collections. "Times Square North." The rooftop sign is not entirely visible. Three additional sprightly "spearmen" are on the cropped-out left side. The full sextet is depicted doing warm-up exercises. City Lights 2. Wayback Machine.
  100. ↑ "Flasher". Illustrated World, Jun 1920, pp. 689–91. This article explains how flickering light bulbs create the illusion of movement. A vine-like floral design surrounds anthropomorphic gymnasts, bubbling fountains, and flickering long-tailed peacocks.
  101. ↑ "Scrollwork". Tell, Darcy. Times Square Spectacular, 2007, pp. 75, 79. A second electric sign became visible in Jan 1924. Its light bulbs spelled out The Ten Commandments. McKendry, Joe. One Times Square, 2012, p. 17. This watercolor painting depicts the captivating, attention-grabbing, triangular-headed performers.
  102. ↑ "Movements". Lippincott, Wilmot. Outdoor Advertising, 1923, pp. 85–86. The book's author describes the panel as beautiful, fascinating, and memorable.
  103. ↑ New York Tribune, Nov 10, 1917, p. 1 (first year). "Chew over Chew". Variety, Feb 7, 1924, p. 18 (last year). It operated from 1917 to 1924. This dispute remained unresolved, bringing its run to a slightly premature end.
  104. ↑ "Invested". Printers' Ink, Aug 10, 1922, pp. 17–20. "Steel". Starr, Tama; Hayman, Edward. Signs and Wonders, 1998, pp. 66, 80xi.
  105. ↑ Toss. This is a lithograph on wove paper titled Serve Your Country, benefit of War Camp Activities. Library and Archives Canada. Toss 2. LAC. Archived at the Wayback Machine. Toss 3 (proof card). Commons. Many artists lent their talents to the war effort. He registered for the draft in Sep 1918. That's when the age limits expanded from 21–30 to 18–45.
  106. ↑ Morale-boosting. What New York Did for Fighting Men: Through New York War Camp Community Service in the World-War of 1917-1919, 1919, pp. 3–4.
  107. ↑ "They're Off". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 11, 1921, p. D23; Dec 20, 1921, p. B5; Dec 7, 1924, sec. resorts, p. 41. New York Herald, Dec 17, 1922, sec. 6, p. 6. The New York Times, Feb 4, 1923, sec. 8, p. 12. "Coasting". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 17, 1922, p. H40; Dec 16, 1923, sec. resorts, p. 33. NY Herald, Dec 18, 1921, sec. 3, p. 15. New York Tribune, Jan 22, 1922, pt. 3, p. 6; Dec 3, 1922, pt. 4, p. 5. The New York Times, Dec 9, 1923, sec. 10, p. 7; Jan 25, 1925, sec. 7, p. 14; Dec 6, 1925, sec. 8, p. 19. "Exciting Sport". NY Tribune, Dec 18, 1921, pt. 3, p. 5. New York Herald, Jan 8, 1922, sec. 3, p. 3; Jan 29, 1922, sec. 3, p. 3. "Snowshoe Trail". New York Tribune, Jan 29, 1922, pt. 3, p. 6. NY Herald, Jan 15, 1922, sec. 3, p. 11. "Let's Go". NY Herald, Dec 10, 1922, sec. 6, p. 6. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 8, 1922, p. F12; Jan 15, 1922, p. F12; Jan 29, 1922, pt. 3, p. 6. NY Tribune, Jan 8, 1922, pt. 3, p. 3. Their print debuts occurred in 1921–22. These are all artist-signed. His signature is in the lower-left corner of "Exciting Sport."
  108. ↑ The Daily Argus, Dec 3, 1921, picture section (PDF). He signed a contract to design cards for William Edwin Rudge in 1921. The publish­ing house had relocated to Mount Vernon, N.Y., in January of that year. WBM. Bide-A-Wee. It's a rare or unique example. Commons.
  109. ↑ Mags (1927): Steaming Hot. Ladies' Home Journal, May p. 71; The Country Gentleman, Apr p. 102; The Farm Journal, May p. 57; Good Housekeeping, May p. 143; MacLean's, May 15 p. 47; McCall's, May p. 57; Nat Geo, Apr p. 188; Successful Farming, Apr p. 115; Woman's Home Companion, May p. 68.
  110. ↑ Volunteers. Newport [R.I.] Mercury and Weekly News, Sep 6, 1929, p. 5. "Beautiful and Inspiring." Newspapers.com. Volunteers 2. Pennsylvania School Journal, Oct 1929, p. 102; Volunteers 3. American Junior Red Cross News, Apr 1930, p. 183 (wall display). Internet Archive.
  111. ↑ Thirst Quencher. The Saturday Evening Post, Jul 26, 1930, p. 43. Commons.
  112. ↑ Mags (1930): American Home, Aug p. 507; The American Magazine, Aug p. 124; Arts & Decoration, Aug p. 17; Collier's, Aug 16, p. 27; Cosmopolitan, Sep p. 151; Country Life (Garden City, N.Y.), Aug p. 75; House Beautiful, Aug p. 100a; Ladies' Home Journal, Aug p. 70; Literary Digest, Aug 9, p. 4; McCall's, Aug p. 78; Post, Jul 26, p. 43; Silent Hostess, vol. 2, no. 5, inside cover; Time, Aug 11, p. 2. New York dailies (1930): Auburn Citizen, Jul 31, p. 8; Buffalo Courier-Express, Oct 1, p. 9; Otsego Farmer and Republican (Cooperstown), Jul 11, p. 4; Rochester Times-Union, Jul 15, p. 12; St. Lawrence Plaindealer, Jul 15, p. 2. Book: Strasser, Susan. Never Done, 1982, p. 266. Internet Archive.
  113. ↑ Printers' Ink, Sep 18, 1930, pp. 130, 132. "What Constitutes a 'Story Illustration'?"
  114. ↑ Playtime. Saturday Evening Post, Oct 25, 1930, p. 34. Internet Archive. Playtime 2. Commons.
  115. ↑ Mags: Silent Hostess, 1930, vol. 2, no. 7, inside cover; Saturday Evening Post, Nov 22, 1930, p. 37. Book: Marchand, Roland. Advertising the American Dream, 1985, p. 271. Newspapers (1930): Alexandria Times-Tribune, Nov 20, p. 6; Canyon News (Tex.), Nov 13, p. 16; Coshocton Tribune (Ohio), Nov 20, p. 9; Evening Journal (Del.), Nov 26, p. 4; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), Nov 30, p. 3; Indiana Evening Gazette, Nov 20, p. 13; Jamestown Evening News (N.Y.), Nov 13, p. 15; Los Angeles Times, Nov 18, p. 4; Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.), Nov 20, p. 16; Patriot and Free Press, Nov 20, p. 9; Pomona Progress Bulletin, Nov 18, sec. 2, p. 4; Republican Watchman, Nov 14, p. 3; Silver Creek News, Nov 20, p. 6; Van Wert Times Bulletin, Nov 20, p. 8; Wilmington News-Journal, Nov 27, p. 2. Kids are playing grown-ups.
  116. ↑ Advertising Age, Sep 26, 1931, p. 11 (upper right). The semi-national advertising campaign started in Sep 1931.
  117. ↑ Confidence. It's titled I don't care, I'm strong. Commons.
  118. ↑ Documents. These two letters confirm the debut year. H-O Oats mailed the carbon copy to Martin. Wayback Machine.
  119. ↑ Weight Gain. A boy stands on a scale and proudly says to a girl, You can't call me Skinny now! The "S" was likely capitalized during production. It's print-signed. Commons. Thumb Pointing 1. Eves, Harold L., ed. Advertising Outdoors, Nov 1931, p. 35. "Overflowing pep and energy is expressed." The signature was blocked out. Internet Archive.
  120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 Thumb Pointing 2. Hoyle, John T. Outdoor, Street-Car, and Radio Advertising, 1936, pp. 14a, 15, 17. Size: 25' x 12'. It's a street-level perspective.
  121. ↑ Early Riser. A gleeful boy scoots out of bed while shouting, Coming mother...I'm hungry. The lettering was stylized during production. Commons.
  122. ↑ Suitcase Layout. Smith, Tim; Smith, Michelle. Joliet's Gerlach Barklow Calendar Company, 2009, p. 26. Google Books. Sheltering; Sheltering 2. This print and write-up were included in the salesman's booklet, Title Leaves for 1932 Line, copyrighted on Dec 26, 1930. Commons.
  123. ↑ Puzzled Reader. This print was included in the salesman's booklet, Title Leaves for 1933 Line, copyrighted on Dec 26, 1931. It originally appeared on the cover of Parents' Magazine in Oct 1930. Gerlach Barklow purchased the painting, and its art department then altered the internal lettering and added a title. Commons.
  124. ↑ The Pelham Sun, March 13, 1931, p. 7 (PDF). Wayback Machine.
  125. ↑ 125.0 125.1 Girl Scout Equipment (catalog), Fall-1931 p. 25; Spring-1932 p. 29; F-1932 p. 32; S-1933 p. 34; F-1933 p. 28; S-1934 p. 31; F-1934 p. 31; S-1935 p. 38; F-1935 p. 38; S-1936 p. 33; F-1936 p. 33. Excerpts from F-1931: "Prize winning poster in the contest held early in 1931. Painted by Paul Martin" ... "A very attractive publicity item [for window display]." Excerpt from F-1933: "The 'Usefulness' poster, because of its cheerfulness and lovely coloring, is one of the most popular." It's reproduced in all eleven of these semiannuals. Sizes: 17" x 22" and 7" x 9.25".
  126. ↑ "Victor at Net" (PDF). Citizen-Sentinel, Jul 15, 1931, p. 12. WBM.
  127. ↑ American Art Annual, American Federation of Arts, 1928, vol. 24, p. 182. It often held competitions, demonstrations, and exhibitions. Martin's name appears on p. 654. HathiTrust.
  128. ↑ "Competition". The Art News, Feb 21, 1931, p. 17; New York Evening Post, Feb 21, 1931, p. D5 (200–300).
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 "Poster Campaign". Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jan 21, 1931, p. 7. Gibson served on the original (not final) jury.
  130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 130.2 130.3 "Contest". The Pelham Sun, Feb 27, 1931, p. 9 – via news.hrvh.org.
  131. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Nov 6, 1931, p. 20 (PDF). Wayback Machine. Citizen-Sentinel, Nov 9, 1931, p. 9.
  132. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Jun 1, 1929, p. 6 (PDF; "best man"). Heading: "Twenty-Five Years Ago." It was held at the bride's family home on Riverside Ave. (now Dr.) in Manhattan. Wayback Machine. TYS, Jun 2, 1904, p. 5. "Souvenirs received by the maid of honor and best man were gold initial rings." Newspapers.com.
  133. ↑ Citizen-Sentinel, Feb 19, 1931, p. 8 (PDF); Dobbs Ferry Register, Mar 13, 1931, p. 11 (PDF). Wayback Machine. The Evening Huronite, Mar 14, 1931, p. 7. Newspapers.com.
  134. ↑ "Reward". Mid-Week Pictorial, Mar 7, 1931, p. 18. Internet Archive. Reward 2. The newspaper's art staff inserted the painting into the photo. Commons.
  135. ↑ Headquarters. This address is on the letterhead. Commons.
  136. ↑ New York Herald Tribune, Feb 22, 1931, sec. 9, p. 8. Photo caption: "Scout Poster Artists." Top Three. Wayback Machine.
  137. ↑ Degenhardt, Mary; Kirsch, Judith. Girl Scout Collector's Guide, 2005, plate 5 following p. 266. It's pictured with an imprinted message at the bottom.
  138. ↑ The Sign. The modification was officially initiated in a letter.
  139. ↑ Citizen-Sentinel, Feb 17, 1931, p. 6 (omitted "happy and"); Lockport Union-Sun & Journal, Feb 21, 1931, p. 4 (PDF). Wayback Machine. Wisconsin State Journal, Feb 24, 1931, p. 6; The Evening Huronite, Feb 25, 1931, p. 4; The Capital Times, Feb 26, 1931, p. 9; Jamestown Evening Journal, Feb 26, 1931, p. 15; The Grove at High Tide (Calif.), Mar 20, 1931, p. 3–which noted the quote also appeared nationally in The Girl Scout Leader bulletin.
  140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 "Parade". Altoona Tribune (Pa.), May 21, 1932, p. 5; Brownsville Herald (Tex.), May 11, 1932, p. 8; May 17, 1933, p. 2; Hartford Courant, May 22, 1932, p. A8 (street view); New Castle News, May 16, 1932, p. 10; Redlands Daily Facts, May 19, 1933, p. 8; The Tennessean, May 28, 1932, p. 7; Medford Mail Tribune (Ore.), May 21, 1933, p. 4; San Bernardino Daily Sun, May 22, 1933, p. 3; Bakersfield Californian, May 23, 1933, p. 7; The Albuquerque Tribune, May 26, 1933, p. 15. It appeared in print just before Memorial Day.
  141. ↑ "Harding". Mason, Herbert Molloy. VFW: Our First Century, 1999, p. 58. Internet Archive.
  142. ↑ Ownership. He made some slight adjustments. Commons.
  143. ↑ The Eaton Rapids Journal (Mich.), Apr 22, 1932, p. 6 (PDF; print debut). Excerpt: "last artistic achievement." Wayback Machine. Detroit Free Press, Apr 26, 1932, p. 22. This is another early appearance.
  144. ↑ Foreign Service, May 1932, pp. 10, 26 (editorial quote). This was also the official poster for 1933.
  145. ↑ Emblem. Boys' Life, May 1932, p. 52; Emblem 2. May 1933, p. 30; May 1934, p. 44. It's print-signed. Disabled and needy veterans hand-assembled the flower pins. They were sold publicly to raise money for veterans and their dependents.
  146. ↑ 146.0 146.1 "Atlantic City Exhibit". The Philadelphia Inquirer, Oct 13, 1929, p. B4. Excerpt: "Martin has also specialized in children's interests." Press of Atlantic City, Oct 9, 1929, p. 2. Heading: "Poster Art Men to Hold Exhibit." Newspapers.com.
  147. ↑ "Good Tires". The Bicycling World and Motorcycle Review, Oct 10, 1901, p. 26; Sep 5, 1901, p. 454; Feb 21, 1901, p. 584.
  148. ↑ Automobile Topics, Sep 24, 1921, p. 443. That production total set a monthly output record for 1921. French, Michael J. U.S. Tire Industry, 1991, pp. 45, 47. Goodyear, Firestone, Goodrich, U.S. Rubber, and Fisk were, in that order, the top industry leaders in the 1920s.
  149. ↑ 149.0 149.1 The Rubber Age, Jan 25, 1928, pp. 419, 424. Competition from high-volume sellers Montgomery Ward and Sears set off a price war. The Rubber Age, Jan 10, 1931, pp. 350–52; Dec 10, 1931, p. 211. The company posted three straight years of losses and entered receivership on Jan 3, 1931. Internet Archive.
  150. ↑ The NY Sun, Jan 19, 1940, p. 31. "Transfer Fisk Assets to U.S."
  151. ↑ Babcock, Glenn D. History of the United States Rubber Company, 1966, pp. xv ("name"), 97 ("brand"), 410–11 ("worldwide"). The stockholders voted for the name change on Apr 19, 1966. I. A.
  152. ↑ Akron Beacon Journal, Sep 23, 1989, p. A1; May 3, 1990, p. B3. The deal was struck in Sep 1889 and finalized in May 1990.
  153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 Greenville News (S.C.), Nov 8, 1962, p. 48; Dec 13, 1962, p. 49. News and Observer, Mar 4, 1965, p. 23; Jan 11, 1978, p. 15. Poughkeepsie Journal, Aug 30, 1977, p. 17; The Charlotte Observer, Feb 20, 1978, p. A10. These are Kmart ads. Newspapers.com.
  154. ↑ Tire Business magazine, Jul 6, 1998 (starting in 1996); Tire Business, Dec 19, 2013; The Eagle (Bryan-College Station, Tex.), Jun 28, 2015, Readers' Choice Awards sec., p. 54 (still in production).
  155. ↑ Journal Tribune, Jul 22, 1980, p. 6. The Chicopee Uniroyal plant shuts down.
  156. ↑ America A to Z, The Reader's Digest Association, 1997, pp. 364–65. It's mentioned as one of eleven historic "advertising icons." I. A.
  157. ↑ Cabarga, Leslie. Logo, Font & Lettering Bible, 2004, p. 16.
  158. ↑ 158.0 158.1 San Francisco Call, Dec 1, 1910, p. 7; Apr 30, 1911, p. 44; San Francisco Chronicle, Dec 1, 1910, p. 5; Los Angeles Express, Dec 2, 1910, p. 23; Los Angeles Times, Dec 2, 1910, p. 7; Oakland Tribune, Dec 4, 1910, p. 38; May 7, 1911, p. 37; The Oregon Journal, Dec 4, 1910, sec. 4, p. 12; The Spokesman-Review, Dec 11, 1910, p. D9; Town Talk (SF mag), Dec 24, 1910, p. 50; Wallaces' Farmer, Apr 7, 1911, p. 8; Life, Aug 17, 1911, p. 276; Apr 4, 1912, p. 679; Daily Missoulian, Mar 25, 1912, p. 7; Apr 8, 1912, p. 2; Times-Dispatch, Apr 14, 1912, p. last; Country Life in America, Apr 15, 1912, p. 86; Collier's, Apr 20, 1912, p. 30; Motor, Apr 1912, p. 26; Suburban Life, Apr 1912, p. 290. These are appearances of the advertising character in print between Dec 1910 & Apr 1912. It debuted in a picture postcard format [link 1].
  159. ↑ 159.0 159.1 Early History 1. Printers' Ink, Dec 26, 1912, p. 78. "Development of 'Fisk Boy' as Trade Figure." The sleepy-eyed character was created in 1910. It appeared late that year on penny postcards. They were typically mailed and post­marked between Dec 1910 and 1912. They remain available on the collectors' market.
  160. ↑ 160.0 160.1 Early History 2. The Poster, Nov 1913, p. 55. It's titled "Why the Fisk Rubber Company Uses Posters." "He appeared first in 1910." —M. G. (Mabel Garetta) Webber, advertising manager. Early History 3. Judicious Advertising, Jan 1913, p. 71. HathiTrust.
  161. ↑ Saturday Evening Post, Jan 12, 1929, p. 78 (print debut). Management decided on the facial alteration in 1928.
  162. ↑ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8, 1930, p. 106. Electric Railway Journal, Feb 1930, p. 83; India Rubber & Tire Review, Feb 1930, inside front cover (miniature versions). These are the earliest print debuts. Mags were distributed about seven days before the cover date. Claim. Official Gazette, Jul 1930, vol. 396, p. 730.
  163. ↑ 163.0 163.1 Editor & Publisher, Mar 29, 1947, p. 36. Martin's contributions to "Master PJs" are indirectly mentioned. Excerpt: "At one time, they put him in a modern suit of pajamas, made him a little older." IA.
  164. ↑ 164.0 164.1 Printers' Ink, Mar 27, 1930, pp. 10, 12 (quote). "Don't Be Afraid to Improve Your Trade-Mark; Even the Long-Famous Time to Re-tire Boy Has Been Modernized." The boy's three stages are pictured and reviewed. This is a rare primary source on the third and final stage. However, it incorrectly states the mascot's creation year and Giffen's age. Draft Registration Card, 1918. Giffen was born on Mar 3, 1886. Printers' Ink, Dec 26, 1912, p. 78; The Poster, Nov 1913, p. 55. These early industry sources correctly state that the advertising icon was originally designed in 1910. Catalogue of Copyright Entries, pt. 4, vol. 5, 1911, pp. 2, 299, © Jun 1, 1910. It had not yet appeared in print.
  165. ↑ 165.0 165.1 Remake. India Rubber & Tire Review, May 1930, p. 24. Remake 2. Shreveport Journal, May 1, 1930, p. 3. Newspapers.com.
  166. ↑ Chattanooga Times, May 4, 1930, p. 48. Nashville Banner, May 11, 1930, sec. 3, p. 2; Hartford Courant, Jun 8, 1930, p. C7; Pittsburgh Press, Jun 15, 1930, sec. autos, p. 2. Modesto News-Herald, Jun 14, 1930, p. 13.
  167. ↑ Three of these thirteen issues provide artist credit for the trade character: Mar 8, p. 76; Jul 26, p. 91; and Aug 23, p. 38.
  168. ↑ "Coupon". Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930, p. 77. Excerpt: "suitable for framing." Size: 11" by 14". Internet Archive.
  169. ↑ Books. These are softcovers. Size: 5.75" x 7.25". Commons.
  170. ↑ "Ashtray". Husfloen, Kyle; Penn, Rich, eds. Antique Trader Advertising Price Guide, 2001, p. 237. Diameter: 6.50". Ashtray 2. Wayback Machine.
  171. ↑ Score Pad. The cover showed a portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart. Size: 4" x 6.5". Commons.
  172. ↑ Desk Clock. Husfloen, Kyle; Penn, Rich, eds. Antique Trader Advertising Price Guide, 2001, p. 67. Telechron is marked on the dial. It featured a rubber tire around the rim. Diameter: 6.25".
  173. ↑ Design No. 1: "The Fisk Trade Mark Boy." Design No. 2: "Elephant and Mouse." Design No. 3: "Checker Players." Design No. 4: "The Shadow." Design No. 5: "Baseball." Their accompanying envelopes used those exact labels. The final four were previously published paintings that showed the original trademark. Their artists were Reginald Bolles, J. F. Kernan, and Leslie Thrasher (Nos. 2–3).
  174. ↑ Striker. It appeared on paper products made by the Diamond Match Co. and Universal Match Corp. These included Diamond's "Pull Quick," which had ten wooden sticks.
  175. ↑ Poster. Coming and Going, 1933 or 1934. It includes military flags and an NRA logo. Size: 28" x 39". Commons.
  176. ↑ Comfort. The mascot and the words "Air Cushion" and "Fisk" are embossed. It was a replacement part that came in various sizes. Wayback Machine.
  177. ↑ Springfield Evening Union (Mass.), Mar 31, 1933, p. 13; Springfield Morning Union Apr 1, 1933, p. 11. "A colored glass ash tray with each tire purchase."
  178. ↑ "Special". New Oxford Item (Pa.), Apr 13, 1933, p. 3; Apr 20, 1933, p. 2; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), Apr 11, 1933, p. 7; Gazette and Daily (York, Pa.), Apr 11, 1933, p. 4. "We will give absolutely free one Fisk jig-saw puzzle with every tire sold." Times Union, May 31, 1934, p. 8. "Free to children accompanied by parents at Albany Garage."
  179. ↑ The Wilkes-Barre Record, Dec 11, 1933, p. 15. "One Telechron electric clock included with the purchase of every Fisk." Newspapers.com.
  180. ↑ Fables. Waterloo Courier (Iowa), Jul 8, 1934, p. 13. Morristown Gazette and Mail (Tenn.), May 30, 1934, p. 3. "Just sign the coupon below and bring it to our station. The book is absolutely free!" Greenwood Commonwealth (Miss.), Jun 8, 1934, p. 2; Belleville Telescope (Kans.), Jun 28, 1934, p. 3; Osage County News (Pawhuska, Okla.), Oct 26, 1934, p. 7.
  181. ↑ Super-Service Data Book, 1933. Size: 3.75" x 6.25". 32 pp. It gives the tire and rim specs for various car models. Guide. WBM.
  182. ↑ Postal Cover. There are other variations, such as the character and words on the front (in four separate lines): "Air-Flight / Principle / Tires by / Fisk."
  183. ↑ Boys' Life, May 1932, p. 43; Jun 1932, p. 53; Jul 1932, p. 45; Sep 1933, p. 28; "All the World"; Dec 1933, p. 42; Apr 1934, p. 28; May 1934, p. 30; Jun 1934, p. 42; Dec 1934, p. 55; The American Boy, Sep 1933, p. 32; Dec 1933. These are ads for bike tires. Internet Archive. Electric Railway Journal, Feb 1930, p. 83; The Fleet Owner, Mar 1930, p. 25; Commercial Car Journal, Mar 1930, p. 130; Jun 1930, p. 105; Tires, Oct 1932, p. 51. I. A. India Rubber & Tire Review, Feb 1930, IFC; Mar 1930, IFC; Apr 1930, IFC; Jun 1930, p. 89; Jul 1930, p. 99; Aug 1930, p. 107; Sep 1930, p. 99; Oct 1930, p. 93. National Petroleum News, Feb 19, 1930, p. 120; May 14, 1930, p. 144; Jun 18, 1930, p. 131; Automobile Topics, May 10, 1930, p. 4; Bus Transportation, Dec 1933, p. 73. HathiTrust.
  184. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr 10, 1930, p. 10; Apr 17, 1930, p. 15 (corp. ads); The New York Sun, Apr 17, 1930, p. 45; May 1, 1930, p. 45; Bismarck Tribune (N.D.), May 31, 1930, p. 3; The Newark Courier (N.Y.), Jun 12, 1930, p. 6; San Jose Evening News, Jul 11, 1930, p. 13; Bing­ham­ton Press (N.Y.), Apr 23, 1931, p. 19; Van Nuys News (Calif.), Aug 6, 1931, p. 7; Dansville Breeze, Jan 21, 1932, p. 3; Buffalo Courier-Express, Jan 4, 1932, p. 6; The Indianapolis Times, Jul 2, 1932, p. 9; Medina Daily Journal, May 11, 1933, p. 5; The Evening News, Jul 19, 1933, p. 16; Schenectady Gazette, May 25, 1934, p. 32; The Nashville Tennessean Jul 3, 1934 p. 6; Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jul 6, 1934, p. 8. Ads by Fisk dealers sharply declined after 1930. The majority were stripped of their franchise in Nov 1930. This move was due to slumping sales, compounded by the Great Depression.
  185. ↑ Shakeup. Federal Trade Commission v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 304 U.S. 257, 1938, p. 443. John T. Clinton explained the rationale behind the drastic downsizing in an April 20, 1934 transcript. He said that conducting business with underperforming dealers was no longer profitable. Around two-thirds (or 20,000) had annual sales of only $200 each. Google Books. Shakeup 2. Wayback Machine.
  186. ↑ "Price Cutting". Skrabec, Quentin R. Rubber: An American Industrial History, 2014, p. 163. Excerpt: "Big retailers such as Sears, Montgomery Ward, Standard Oil, Western Auto Supply, and Pep Boys were getting special contracts."
  187. ↑ The Rubber Age, Jan 10, 1931, pp. 350–52; Feb 10, 1932, pp. 391–92; Jun 1933, p. 124. The receivership period lasted from Jan 1931 to May 1933. Internet Archive.
  188. ↑ Hogan Handbook; Fisk-Federal-Badger Tires, Thomas E. Hogan, Inc., 1935, pp. 35–36; The Greenville Sun, Apr 25, 1935, p. 3; The Boston Globe, May 16, 1935, p. 22; Intelligencer Journal, Jun 20, 1935, p. 11. The "sleepy yawner" did not appear in magazine ads from 1930 to 1936. However, it showed up in newspaper ads and on products starting in 1935. Springfield Daily News, Dec 19, 1934, p. 5. Still, there were some stray exceptions.
  189. ↑ "Be Cautious". Printers' Ink, Jan 1, 1920, p. 70. Excerpt: "difference of opinion." Advertising Age, Apr 3, 1939, p. 10. Subheading: "Consumers Rebel." This reversal occurred despite objections from marketing experts. Nostalgia wins out.
  190. ↑ Gaw, Walter A. Advertising: Methods and Media, 1961, p. 74. A character that gradually changed might have been more accepted by the public, including retailers. Otherwise, a far more vigorous promotion campaign would have been necessary. Hathitrust.
  191. ↑ Moline, Mary. Norman Rockwell Encyclopedia, 1979, pp. 144–46, 149, 156–57, 161, 167–68, 172, 183–84 – via Internet Archive.
  192. ↑ Billings Gazette, Feb 15, 1929, p. 13; Dothan Eagle, Feb 22, 1929, p. 8; The Birmingham News, Mar 6, 1931 p. 22; Richmond Record-Herald, Feb 15, 1935, p. 8, Internet Archive; The Herald-Sun (N.C.), Feb 3, 1935, pt. 2, p. 6; Des Moines Register, Apr 11, 1935, p. 10; The Morning News (S.C.), Jun 22, 1935, p. 6; Dayton Daily News, Sep 6, 1935, p. 6; Hamilton Journal-Daily News, Dec 19, 1935, p. 11. All sources are accessible via Newspapers.com unless otherwise specified.
  193. ↑ Norman Rockwell, My Adventures as an Illustrator, 1960, p. 118; 1988, p. 95. Rockwell recalled those as John Ames Mitchell's top three. Internet Archive.
  194. ↑ Ownership. Mrs. Martin received a letter of clarification from editor Yanofsky. Wayback Machine.
  195. ↑ Trio. A snippet from the magazine's upper right. Wayback Machine.
  196. ↑ "Fundamentals". Parents' Magazine, Aug 1929, p. 12 (center insert). Front cover is print-signed on the pants. Internet Archive.
  197. ↑ Virtues. This image also appeared on the cover of Girl Scout Equipment for Fall 1932 and Spring 1933.
  198. ↑ Food Server. This is Martin's first cover for a consumer magazine.
  199. ↑ Water Bucket: apple bobbing. This Halloween issue includes an introspective article paraphrasing Babe Ruth on p. 15. HathiTrust.
  200. ↑ Water Pond: playtime adventure. A young swimmer chases a rascally dog. It is signed next to the hind leg.
  201. ↑ Memorial Day. Foreign Service was renamed VFW with the Jan 1951 issue. Commons. Boys' Life, May 1932, p. 52; May 1933, p. 30; May 1934, p. 44. This is the poster version. Internet Archive.
  202. ↑ Rainy Bliss. This image originally appeared on GB's calendars, ink blotter cards, and prints in 1931. Titles: 1. Die Deutsche Hausfrau, 1904–18. 2. Die Hausfrau, 10/1918–1992. 3. Das Fenster, 1992–present.
  203. ↑ Vehicles Collide. Its focal points are the doll carriage, homemade wagon, and license plate. The curly locks were added since the model actually had much shorter hair. Wikimedia Commons.
  204. ↑ Juicy Fruit. It is faintly print-signed, with credit officially given on p. 2. This image reappeared in thumbnail size on its covers dated Oct 1951 and Oct 1956. Both were commemorative issues.
  205. ↑ Transporting Pups. It's the first issue with the classic title, as noted on p. 12. Previous titles: 1. Children, The Magazine for Parents, Oct 1926–Jan 1929. 2. Children, The Parents' Mag., Feb–Jul 1929.
  206. ↑ Lung Power. The father blows up a football. Internet Archive.
  207. ↑ Perplexed. A head-scratching reader wonders about the text.
  208. ↑ VP Todd. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920. The cover credit is on p. 12. It's a pencil sketch of an executive with Deere & Co. Printers' Ink, May 12, 1909, p. 39. The magazine was formed through a merger. HathiTrust.
  209. ↑ Clock Repair. Good Hardware, Oct 1920. It was published by the Strevell-Paterson Hardware Co. in Salt Lake City.
  210. ↑ Merchant; Contents. Progressive Grocer, Sep 1922, vol. 1, no. 9 (phone order). The cover is obscurely print-signed, with credit officially given on p. 5. Merchant 2. Progressive Grocer, Nov 1922, vol. 1, no. 11 (weighing a turkey). This unidentified monogram, "+ A.C.," appeared on five of the magazine's covers between Jun and Nov 1922.
  211. ↑ Bitten Apple. Silent Hostess, General Electric, 1930, vol. 2, no. 4; 1931, vol. 3, no. 4 (flexing muscles); 1931, vol. 3, no. 7 (blowing up a football). This short-lived magazine promoted the innovative "Monitor Top" refrigerator from 1930 to 1932. It included general-interest stories, recipes, household tips, and appliance ads.
  212. ↑ The Daily Bulletin (Endicott, N.Y.), Oct 12, 1956, p. 5. Heading: "Reynolds Named Magazine Editor." The appointment took effect on Nov 1. NYS Historic Newspapers. "Non-foods". Walters, Snider, and Sweet, eds. Readings in Marketing, 1962, p. 595 (footnote). Internet Archive.
  213. ↑ Thanksgiving. The magazine was established in 1922. It helped independent operators succeed for over a century. It is known for analytical articles and the tagline, "Voice of the retail food industry."
  214. ↑ "Short Turns and Encores". Two children listen intently to an American Civil War veteran. The old soldier is reminiscing about General Sherman. HathiTrust.
  215. ↑ "The Blanket". HathiTrust. The Blanket 2. This story centers on three generations of a family during a pivotal moment. Commons.
  216. ↑ "The Unfairway". 1. A couple and their caddie are engaged in match play on the 17th hole. 2. A father and son delight in reading the headline news.
  217. ↑ "Tragedy". This story concerns an empathetic teacher and a grieving student. Internet Archive.
  218. ↑ "On the Dark Trail". Henry is holding a flashlight and a hatchet. Law, Frederick Houk, ed. Stories of To-day and Yesterday, 1930 (frontispiece). It's the same picture, but with the artist's full signature.
  219. ↑ Bicknell, Treld Pelkey; Trotman, Felicity, eds. How to Write and Illustrate Children's Books, 1988, p. 69.
  220. ↑ Fall River Herald News, Oct 22, 1927, p. 11 (PDF). The Nativity (or manger) scene is depicted. Fall River Public Library's digital archives. Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1928, p. 1196.
  221. ↑ "Big Game" (PDF). Newsboy, Horatio Alger Society, Nov-Dec 2004, pp. 8–10. Caption, p. 9: "Russ makes a backhand shot." Signed in print under the heel of the hockey stick. Wayback Machine.
  222. ↑ Araminta, reprinted edition, 1933. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  223. ↑ Leach, William H., ed. Church Management, Nov 1930, p. 188.
  224. ↑ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1929, p. 1180. Every Evening (Del.), Sep 1, 1928, p. 7 (book review). It's listed under The News Journal at Newspapers.com.
  225. ↑ Catalog of Copyright Entries, LOC, 1930, p. 1645. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Nov 23, 1929, p. 16 (book review). Newspapers.com.
  226. ↑ Stories of To-Day, 1930. Internet Archive. This picture first appeared in Scribner's Magazine, Jul 1928, p. 71.
  227. ↑ Readers 1. Readers 2. Readers 3. Publisher: R. R. Bowker, 45th St., NYC. Bowker sold the dust jackets in bulk to bookstores. They were imprinted with the retailer's business name and address. Commons.
  228. ↑ New York Tribune, Dec 22, 1918, pt. 2, p. 7. Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1919, pp. 177, 181 (last line).
  229. ↑ "Local Net". The New York Times, Nov 13, 1920, p. 12. Internet Archive.
  230. ↑ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1924, p. 97 [top 20, covering 1923]; Spalding's, 1925, p. 92 [top 20; listed erroneously as "B. Martin"]. He was ranked in the teens, 1923–24. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1921, p. 109 (ranked between 18 & 31).
  231. ↑ The New York Times, Dec 5, 1920, sec. 9, p. 2 (ranked between 18 & 31); Jan 8, 1922, sec. 9, p. 1 (top 30); Jan 14, 1923, sec. 1, pt. 2, p. 1 (top 30); Dec 11, 1923, p. 24 (top 20); Jan 25, 1925, sec. 9, p. 4 (top 20); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 25, 1925, p. D6 (T20); Dec 27, 1925, p. C3 (T25); Dec 9, 1928, p. C6 (T30); The Yonkers Statesman and News, Jan 7, 1924, p. 8 (T20).
  232. ↑ New York Tribune, Jul 7, 1919, p. 12; Oct 15, 1922, pt. 1, p. 21; The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 29, 1920, p. 11; New York Times, Jul 11, 1920, sec. 1, p. 17. "Stars Advance". New York Times, Jul 23, 1921, p. 8. "Californians' Day". New York Herald, Jul 24, 1922, p. 12. New York Times, May 29, 1923, p. 12; Jun 15, 1923, p. 17. American Lawn Tennis, Oct 20, 1929, p. 540 ("back court"). The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929, p. 3.
  233. ↑ "Woodmere". The Sun, Sep 8, 1919, p. 16. He won the runner-up trophy, or its equivalent. Spalding's, 1919, p. 225. The prizes could have been certificates or medals in 1919. That was the USLTA's recommendation and a carryover from its wartime policy of 1917–18.
  234. ↑ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 29, 1920, p. 11. His first tournament win came at age 33, excluding consolation singles. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1918, p. 33. The sanctioned husbands-and-wives event began in 1918. Marie Wagner proposed the unique idea.
  235. ↑ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jul 24, 1931, p. 1 (doubles title). His last tournament win came at age 48. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 16, 1931, p. 1 (singles runner-up & doubles title). This unsanctioned event was only open to club members. News.hrvh.org.
  236. ↑ "Martin Tennis Winner". New York Times, Jul 11, 1920, sec. 1, p. 17 (lower right). New York Tribune, Sep 15, 1918, pt. 2, p. 1. The club moved from Mt. Vernon to Scarsdale, N.Y., in 1918.
  237. ↑ 237.0 237.1 "Second Annual Tournament". Merrihew, S. Wallis, ed. American Lawn Tennis, Jun 15, 1921, p. 135. Excerpt: "The first leg on this cup was won in 1920 by Paul Martin."
  238. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924, p. 536 (singles & doubles titles). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925, p. F2. Heading: "Brooklyn Guests." He is on the Lake George tournament committee and noted as its reigning champion.
  239. ↑ The Kingston Daily Freeman, Jul 29, 1924, p. 12 (PDF; singles & doubles titles). Panoramic. He's standing seventh from the top left in a photo taken during the week of Jul 14, 1924. Wayback Machine.
  240. ↑ The Sun, Jun 22, 1910, p. 8. The event's headliner was world No. 1, William Larned.
  241. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr 2, 1925, p. 2A (National Indoor doubles). Their match was played on the 7th Regiment Armory's drill floor in Manhattan.
  242. ↑ "Hunter Gains Place" (upper-right column). New York Tribune, Jul 7, 1919, p. 12. "Five Matches". The Sun and New York Herald, Jul 6, 1920, p. 10.
  243. ↑ 243.0 243.1 "Tilden Winner" (last paragraph). New Britain Herald, Aug 28, 1924, p. 16. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 27, 1924, p. 2 (6th column, last paragraph). "[The] Australian Davis Cup captain quickly finished off his opponent, Paul Martin of New York, by taking the fourth and deciding set of their postponed match without the loss of a game. The Anzac had dropped a long deuce set to Martin [on] Monday, but he was invincible today." This match took place at the "Nationals." Patterson went on to reach the semifinals.
  244. ↑ "Close Finishes". New York Tribune, May 18, 1918, p. 14. Richards–Wischer defeated Martin–Mersereau in a "keenly fought struggle." The New York Times, Apr 20, 1919, sec. 1, p. 21. The Sun, Jul 6, 1919, sec. 2, p. 3. Martin downed Richards by default. NY Tribune, Jun 24, 1922, p. 11. They met in the fourth round.
  245. ↑ 245.0 245.1 The New York Times, Jun 28, 1925, sec. 10, p. 6 (Danzig's column). They clashed at the country home of the New York Athletic Club. It was located on Travers Island in New Rochelle. "Big Bill" subsequently won titles in both singles (against Vincent Richards) and doubles.
  246. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr 3, 1924, p. A2 (National Indoor doubles). It was hosted by the 7th Regt. Armory. American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924, p. 476. Martin topped 19-year-old Van Ryn 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. New York Times, Jun 13, 1925, p. 13.
  247. ↑ "Victor in Jersey". New York Tribune, Oct 15, 1922, pt. 1, p. 21. They squared off at the Essex County Tennis Club. American Lawn Tennis, Sep 20, 1931, p. 52. The Martins beat Wagner–Calder at Lake George, 3–6, 11–9, 2–0 (ret.).
  248. ↑ "Trophy Holder". New York Tribune, Jul 2, 1919, pp. 10 (column), 12. They formed a tandem. Mrs. Martin is mentioned in Adams' column. New York Evening Post, Apr 22, 1926, p. 15. Adams and Martin served on the same club committee. NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  249. ↑ "Auto Springs Leak". New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917, p. 13. Seven-member team: Behr, Clapp, Fischer, Martin, Mersereau, Richards, and Whyte [not White]. The Sun, Aug 26, 1917, sec. 2, p. 2 (boys' champion).
  250. ↑ "Reach Fourth". New York Tribune, Jun 3, 1918, p. 13; May 18, 1918, p. 14; May 14, 1919, p. 12; Mar 28, 1920, pt. 1, p. 21; Jul 14, 1921, p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 15, 1925, p. A2; Jun 24, 1925, p. A2; Feb 17, 1926, p. A2; May 16, 1926, p. C2; Aug 8, 1926, p. C5; The Philadelphia Inquirer, Aug 13, 1928, p. 13; The New York Times, Aug 12, 1929, p. 14.
  251. ↑ 251.0 251.1 NY Tribune, Aug 31, 1920, p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 1, 1921, p. 2; The Sun, Aug 20, 1924, p. 26 (men's singles). Tilden won the event from 1920 to 1925.
  252. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924, p. 486 (3rd column). "Patterson won six games in a row, despite Martin's steady play."
  253. ↑ "Summaries". Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1925, p. 29 (far bottom right).
  254. ↑ 254.0 254.1 "Results". The Evening Star, Sep 14, 1928, p. 52; Christian Science Monitor, Sep 14, 1928, p. 12; Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1929 [covering 1928], p. 51. He lost to Philip B. Hawk in the quarter-finals, 2–6, 6–4, 5–7. Amer. Lawn Tennis, Sep 20, 1929, pp. 483–84. "[Martin] was the other hero of this encounter, which required 48 games." Spalding's, 1930, p. 31. Spalding's, 1931, p. 27. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1932, p. 13. He advanced to the third or fourth round in all four events.
  255. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Jul 15, 1918, p. 132 ("ages"). HathiTrust.
  256. ↑ New York Tribune, Jun 5, 1916, p. 14; "Semi-finals Reached". The Sun, Aug 13, 1916, sec. 2, p. 2; Sep 17, 1917, p. 11; "Heights Team Wins". The Sun and New York Herald, May 28, 1920, p. 10; "Finals Reached". The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922, p. 22. Martin is identified as a member of the University Heights TC in all of the above sources.
  257. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 23, 1928, sec. 11, p. 8; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 29, 1928, p. 8; Oct 18, 1929, p. 22; Aug 15, 1930, p. 1; Jun 26, 1931, p. 2. It was officially called the County TC of Westchester. He joined the club after moving to Millwood in August 1925.
  258. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb 3, 1924, p. D2; May 11, 1924, pp. D1–2; Dec 14, 1924, pp. D1–2. American Lawn Tennis, Dec 15, 1924, pp. 627–629. HathiTrust. Battle Concludes. Spalding's, 1925, pp. 7, 9, 124. HathiTrust.
  259. ↑ "Favor". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924, p. D2 (1st column, two-thirds down). Hall and Martin released a joint statement.
  260. ↑ The New York Times, Jun 12, 1923, p. 17. Heading: "Women to Meet." American Lawn Tennis, Jul 15, 1924, p. 249 (third line under picture). Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924, p. 9; Jul 18, 1925, p. 3. The NY Times, Jun 7, 1925, sec. 10, p. 8 (4th–5th columns). Martin's tournament duties included accepting entries and acting as the referee. His wife served on the committee. The Post-Star, Jul 21, 1925, p. 11. NYSHistoricNewspapers.org. American L.T., 1930, p. 166. He was the tournament referee.
  261. ↑ "Younger Tennis Players". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 20, 1926, pp. 1, 10; Aug 15, 1925, p. 9. The New York Times, Aug 30, 1926, p. 12. 14-year-old Sidney Wood won the junior title at Briarcliff.
  262. ↑ "Players Differ". Tennis, Jan 1930, pp. 6 (chart), 11 (Class B), 14 (quote). New York Times, Aug 10, 1919, p. 20 (2nd column, at top).
  263. ↑ The New York Times, May 24, 1926, p. 17 (lower left corner). The league was headquartered at the Bronxville Field Club. The Herald Statesman, Jun 15, 1934, p. 18. Heading: "South Yonkers Just Hangs On." It was the league's ninth season (1926–34).
  264. ↑ "Memorial Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 19, 1932, p. 1 – via Hudson River Valley Heritage (HRVH). The Herald Statesman (Yonkers, N.Y.), Jun 28, 1935, p. 19 (PDF). Wayback Machine.
  265. ↑ "Season Opens". North Westchester Times–New Castle Tribune, Apr 19, 1962, p. 21; The Herald Statesman, Jul 8, 1968, p. 28; Jun 23, 1982, p. D4 (PDF); May 20, 1995, p. D8. The Paul Martin Memorial included singles (until 2019) and doubles (until 1981).
  266. ↑ "Annual County Net Tourney". The Herald Statesman, Jun 21, 1932, p. 14. Team managers decided to honor Martin. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 22, 1934, pp. 1, 4; Jun 29, 1934, p. 14; Jul 10, 1936, p. 1. The main organizer was Fenimore Cady of the Mount Pleasant Tennis Club. U.S. Census 1930. Cady lived in Mount Pleasant.
  267. ↑ Display. The names are inscribed on the silver band. Commons.
  268. ↑ "Finals". New York Times, Oct 13, 1922, p. 22. He won the cup for finishing second in Essex County's third annual singles championship.
  269. ↑ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jul 6, 1934, pp. 1, 4 (engraved, donated). News.hrvh. The Herald Statesman, Jun 29, 1934, p. 22 (PDF). Wayback Machine.
  270. ↑ 270.0 270.1 "First Round Schedule" (2 p.m.). New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1921, pt. 1, p. 19. She competed in the "Nationals" (US Open) at Forest Hills, N.Y., on Aug 15, 1921. One day later, the Lenglen–Mallory match took place.
  271. ↑ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 29, 1920, p. 11. Subheading: "Earn Husband and Wife Metropolitan Tennis Championship."
  272. ↑ "Finals Reached". The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922, p. 22 (last paragraph); "Marjorie Morrill Wins". Hartford Courant, Jul 3, 1927, p. B3 (near end). "Castle Point". Am. Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1920, p. 481; NY Tribune, Sep 25, 1920, p. 11. They reached the quarter-finals (3R) at Hoboken.
  273. ↑ "County Club is Victorious". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929, p. 3. Their mixed doubles win was credited to the team. "Active Season". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jul 17, 1931, p. 1. Their victory came in a club event.
  274. ↑ Home Front. Women played in fundraising tournaments to support the war effort. Commons.
  275. ↑ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1923, pp. 306, 311–14. These clubs are all listed as USLTA members, except for South Yonkers. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 27, 1926, p. S1 (PDF). Nonetheless, 32 teams competed in doubles play. This field covered the entire N.Y. metropolitan area. Wayback Machine. Spalding's, 1924, p. 281. Oritani FC's membership is confirmed.
  276. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Jul 1, 1920, p. 191; Jul 15, 1921, p. 223.
  277. ↑ New York Times, Jul 11, 1920, sec. 1, p. 17 (lower right). New York Tribune, Jun 25, 1920, p. 15. Heading: "80 Tennis Players Start."
  278. ↑ 278.0 278.1 American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924, p. 536 (singles & doubles titles); Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924, p. 9 (singles & doubles titles); Aug 15, 1925, p. 7 (doubles title, singles & mixed doubles runners-up); Jul 12, 1930, p. 3 (mixed doubles runner-up); American Lawn Tennis, Aug 5, 1930, p. 364 (singles runner-up, doubles title); Citizen-Sentinel, Jul 16, 1931, p. 12 (singles quarter-finalist); New York Times, Jul 19, 1931, sec. 10, p. 7 (doubles title). The Yonkers Statesman, Jul 20, 1931, p. 14 (PDF). Heading: "Bassford, Martin Win." His wife was the consolation singles runner-up. Wayback Machine. Links 2–4 are via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  279. ↑ 279.0 279.1 American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1923, p. 404 (singles quarter-finalist & mixed doubles semi-finalist); Aug 15, 1924, p. 370 (singles & doubles titles, mixed doubles semi-finalist); The Kingston Daily Freeman, Jul 29, 1924, p. 12 (singles & doubles titles); New York Times, Jul 18, 1925, p. 11 (singles & doubles runners-up); Long Island News and the Owl, Jul 18, 1929, p. 1 (doubles semi-finalist); The Poughkeepsie Eagle News, Jul 13, 1931, p. 10 (PDF) (doubles runner-up).
  280. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 16, 1915, sec. 2, p. 4. Listed are the winners in singles, doubles, and consolation singles. Spalding's L. T. A., 1916, pp. 119, 313. It provides the results and defines "consolation."
  281. ↑ "Hammett-Martin Team Wins". New York Tribune, Jul 12, 1922, p. 13. The New York Times, Jul 23, 1921, p. 8 (singles semi-finalist); Jun 25, 1924, p. 21; Jun 28, 1925, sec. 10, p. 6 (doubles semi-finalist); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 24, 1928, p. C3 (doubles quarter-finalist); Jun 22, 1930, p. C3 (singles semi-finalist). These events were held at the Athletic Club's home away from home, on Travers Island (now a peninsula).
  282. ↑ The New York Times, May 21, 1925, p. 20. NY Times, Jun 3, 1925, p. 21. Heading: "Martin and Bassford Win." Subheading: "Beat Anderson and Hartmann in 'Over 39ers' Tennis Final." American Lawn Tennis, Jun 15, 1925, p. 142 (lower right).
  283. ↑ "Net Title". New York Tribune, Jun 29, 1920, p. 15; American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1919, p. 396 (husbands-and-wives quarter-finalist); The Sun and New York Herald, Jun 25, 1920, p. 10 (6th column, 6R); Jun 29, 1920, p. 11 (husbands-and-wives title); New York Herald, Jun 25, 1922, sec. 4, p. 4 (doubles quarter-finalist). These are events hosted by the New York Tennis Club.
  284. ↑ The New York Times, Sep 15, 1919, p. 13 (8th column); Sep 8, 1919, p. 10 (7th column). New York Tribune, Jul 17, 1920, p. 9 (singles semi-finalist); Jul 15, 1921, p. 11 (singles quarter-finalist).
  285. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Feb 15, 1922, p. 631 (doubles semi-finalist in '21); NY Tribune, Oct 13, 1922, p. 15 (singles runner-up); Oct 15, 1922, pt. 1, p. 21 (doubles & mixed doubles quarter-finalists).
  286. ↑ Merrihew, S. Wallis, ed. American Lawn Tennis, Nov 15, 1922, p. 491 (singles runner-up & doubles semi-finalist). His wife reached the singles semis.
  287. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jun 3, 1923, p. D4 and New York Times, Jun 3, 1923, sec. 1, pt. 2, p. 4 (singles runner-up). New York Times, Jun 2, 1923, p. 8. Martin won in the semis despite trailing 0–6, 0–3. The Yonkers Statesman and News, May 29, 1924, p. 8 (singles quarter-finalist). Amackassin was awarded the Eastern New York State Tennis Championships in 1917 and 1920–24.
  288. ↑ New York Tribune, May 16, 1920, pt. 1, p. 21 (singles & doubles quarter-finalists). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 21, 1923, p. A2; The New York Times, May 21, 1923, p. 19 (singles runner-up). The Scarsdale Inquirer, Sep 9, 1932, p. 1. His wife donated the runner-up trophy in 1932. News.hrvh.org.
  289. ↑ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924, p. 476. Long Island News and the Owl, Jul 24, 1924, p. 1. Kynaston downed Martin 8–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2. Accessed via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  290. ↑ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 3, 1924, p. D3 ("Japanese Star") and Aug 18, 1924, p. A2 (singles runner-up). The New York Times, Jul 11, 1921, p. 13 (marathon victor 4–6, 18–16, 6–3); Aug 2, 1925, sec. 9, p. 5 (singles semis, 1st column).
  291. ↑ New York Times, Oct 17, 1921, p. 12 (singles semi-finalist & doubles finalist). New York Tribune, Nov 12, 1921, p. 14.
  292. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926, p. 11 (PDF). Franklin and Warren Osgood topped Martin and C. R. Watkins in the final. Wayback Machine. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 8, 1929, p. 13 (singles quarter-finalist); Aug 8, 1930, p. 16 (singles quarter-finalist).
  293. ↑ The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926, p. 14. Martin and four others are pictured at the court's net. Accessed via Newspapers.com.
  294. ↑ Evening Gazette (Port Jervis, N.Y.), Aug 26, 1921, p. 8 (mixed doubles runner-up); American Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1921, p. 463 (singles semis & doubles runner-up). The event ran from Aug 16 to 20.
  295. ↑ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 5, 1928, p. 5. He reached the singles semis, with no further results printed. The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 18, 1929, p. 22 (singles title); Jul 17, 1931, p. 1 (mixed doubles title); Oct 16, 1931, p. 1 (singles runner-up & second straight doubles title); Aug 26, 1932, p. 1. He won multiple doubles championships with various partners at the CTC. Most club tournament results went unreported and are now lost to history. News.hrvh.org.
  296. ↑ They traveled a significant distance to reach Lake George, a popular resort in the southern Adirondacks. "Advances". Boston Daily Globe, Aug 20, 1930, p. 15. Squirrel Island was reachable only by ferry. Both won their first-round matches. New York Herald Tribune, Jul 19, 1931, sec. 7, p. 16. Excerpt: "[The Martins] have been on a fortnight's vacation at Lake Mohonk and other resorts." ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Pre-Serve. He is posing in front of a two-story lodging house. Wayback Machine.
  297. ↑ The New York Times, May 3, 1923, p. 17. "Entries in Hand."
  298. ↑ The New York Times, May 8, 1924, p. 13 (match coverage). Internet Archive. American Lawn Tennis, Jul 5, 1928, p. 216 (match coverage). HathiTrust.
  299. ↑ New York Tribune, Jul 6, 1915, p. 15; Jul 2, 1917, p. 11; Jul 4, 1918, p. 12; Jul 3, 1919, p. 10; Jul 6, 1920, p. 12; May 23, 1922, p. 13. The Sun and New York Press, Jul 5, 1916, p. 13. New York Evening Post, Apr 5, 1922, p. 15 (cmte.); Apr 25, 1924, p. 16 (cmte.); Apr 22, 1926, p. 15 (cmte.); Jun 9, 1928, p. 16. New York Herald Tribune, May 9, 1927, p. 17. New York Times, Apr 11, 1921, p. 13 (cmte.); Apr 18, 1923, p. 19 (cmte.); May 9, 1923, p. 16; May 13, 1925, p. 19. Bklyn. Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924, p. D2; Sep 25, 1929, p. 28.
  300. ↑ "Winning Team". The Sun, Aug 7, 1913, p. 9. He reached the semi-finals. New York Tribune, Jul 12, 1915, p. 13; Jul 2, 1919, p. 12; May 3, 1920, p. 11; May 2, 1921, p. 11; The Sun and New York Press, Jul 5, 1916, p. 13.
  301. ↑ New York Evening Post, Apr 5, 1922, p. 8. "Drives Over the Tennis Net." Excerpt: "We have decided to cut out the doubles." Fulton History.
  302. ↑ The New York Times, Jun 23, 1923, p. 7. A new division was added to the lineup. NY Times, Jun 27, 1924, p. 22.
  303. ↑ Invitation. The Martins moved to the Bronx after their marriage on Sep 27, 1912. The Sun, Aug 7, 1913, p. 9. He first entered a University Heights tourney in 1913. New York Tribune, Jun 5, 1916, p. 14 (2nd column, 4th heading); Oct 20, 1919, p. 13; The New York Times, Sep 21, 1925, p. 24. He was often associated with the club in print from 1916 to 1925. New York Evening Post, Apr 22, 1926, p. 15. Martin served as a non-playing committee member, despite having moved to Millwood in Aug 1925. NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  304. ↑ The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926, p. 11; The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926, p. 14; Jun 13, 1927, p. 12; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Jun 29, 1928, p. 8; Jun 26, 1931, p. 2. He joined the County TC sometime after moving to Millwood in Aug 1925. He was often associated with the club in print from 1926 to 1931. The link is accessible via news.hrvh.org.
  305. ↑ The Sun, Aug 26, 1914, p. 8. She was runner-up in mixed doubles at Merriewood. "Starts Well". The New York Times, Jul 10, 1919, p. 17; New York Tribune, Sep 23, 1921, p. 15. Marie Wagner dropped just one game. NY Tribune, Mar 17, 1920, p. 13; Mar 18, 1920, p. 13. Mrs. Martin teamed up with schoolgirl Ceres Baker (photo) at the 7th Regt. Armory. Commons. The Yonkers Statesman, Jul 20, 1931, p. 14. Lauretta was the consolation singles runner-up at Lake George.
  306. ↑ The host sites are categorized in the article "List of tennis venues," under County Tennis Club of Westchester.
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