Jump to content

Poyra, Bozüyük

Coordinates: 39°52′N 30°12′E / 39.867°N 30.200°E / 39.867; 30.200
From Tilcayo Cats, the lean encyclopaedia by Tilcayo Knowledge Systems
Poyra
Хьатикъуайхьаблэ
Village
Location within Turkey
Location within Marmara
Coordinates: 39°52′N 30°12′E / 39.867°N 30.200°E / 39.867; 30.200
CountryTurkey
ProvinceBilecik
DistrictBozüyük
Established1881
Population
 (2024)
128
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
11302
Name meaningWheel hub (Poyra)
Hatuqay village (Hatuqayhable)

Poyra, known locally as Hatukayhable[1][2] (Adyghe: Хьатикъуайхьаблэ) is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey.[1][3][4] Its population is 128 (2024).[5] The village mainly consists of Circassian people of the Hatuqay tribe.[2] The village is known for a cultural statue featuring a traditional Circassian table.[6]

History

Exile of the Hatuqay tribe

The founders of the village were originally from the Hatuqay Principality of Circassia, many of them from a village known as Hanapshekhabl (Adyghe: Хьанапщэхьаблэ) and its surrounding villages.[2] The Hatuqay, like other Circassians, were affected by the Russo-Circassian War, and the Circassian genocide as part of it. Circassian villages were systematically destroyed and their inhabitants killed as part of Russian military plans, and the Circassians increasingly had little power to resist.[7] In June 1851, the ruler of the Hatuqay Principality, prince Jandjeriy Cherchanuqo, contacted Russian General Zavodovsky, who was infamous among Russian ranks for his "good nature", proposing ceasefire in return for the Hatuqay people being spared. General Zavodovsky agreed to these demands, a decision that conflicted with the intentions of his superiors, who wanted the area cleared of Circassians. Jandjeriy's successor, prince Indar Cherchanuqo, kept the ceasefire.[8][9][10] Despite this, in October 1854, Russian forces attacked the Hatuqay region, destroying the prince's village and razing the Hatuqay lands, systematically burning massive supplies of hay, grain, and winter provisions. Othet Hatuqay villages were also located and bunt.[11] In 1863, the surviving Hatuqay were divided into small groups and forcibly resettled into large villages created for the Bzhedug tribe.[12] The Hatuqay population was dispersed, the tribe effectively disappeared from the map.[13] A large number were exiled to the Ottoman Empire, including in Bulgaria.[14]

Foundation of Poyra

During the initial great exodus, the founders of the village traveled via steamships and sailboats, disembarking at the pier of the Balçık district in the Varna Sanjak, located in present-day Bulgaria. They settled in Başsağlık Village, where they lived for 17 years.[2] There was an estimated number of 150,000 Circassians in Bulgaria.[15]

During the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, the Circassians were used by the Turkish army as irregular cavalry units. In the summer of 1877, mainly Circassian irregular cavalry participated on the Turkish side in the battle for Nova Zagora. The Circassians in Bulgaria fiercely opposed the Bulgarian Revolt in 1876; Kosovo Circassians also joined the Bulgarian Circassians.[16][17] European countries in turn demanded that the Circassians leave the region.[18] Thus, following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War, this community was subjected to a second forced displacement. Fleeing the advancing forces, they traveled overland between 1878 and 1881 and initially attempted to settle in the vicinity of İnegöl. The immigrants struggled to adapt to the specific climate of the İnegöl region, which prompted them to relocate once more. In 1881, they moved to the Bilecik province and officially founded Poyra Village within the Bozüyük district.[2]

The village was originally named as Hatuqayhable, named after the Hatuqay tribe and Hatuqay Principality, where the inhabitants traced their descent from.[2] However, during the first three decades of the Republic, efforts to Turkify geographical names were a recurring theme.[19][20][21] Non-Turkish and "ugly" place and village names, including Circassian ones, were changed.[22][23] Following the establishment of the Turkish Republic, in 1928, the official name of the village was designated as "Poyra", which means "wheel hub" in Turkish.[1][4][24]

Culture

The village mainly observes Circassian customs. There are also Balkan Turks in the village, who in addition to Rumelian Turkish also speak Adyghe.

Notable people

Images

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Yılmaz, Kurulay (2018). Bozüyük Çerkes Köyleri (in Türkçe). Istanbul: Tunç Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-605-2291-27-6.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Balkanlarda Çerkes İzleri". Nart (in Türkçe). No. 38. Ankara: Kafkas Dernekleri Federasyonu. July–August 2004. p. 49. ISSN 1302-2539.
  3. ↑ Köy, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Şıble, Ferhatıko (2022). Batı Çerkesya'nın Türkiye'deki evlatları (in Türkçe). APRA. ISBN 978-605-71993-1-7.
  5. ↑ https://bilecik.gov.tr/2024-yili-adrese-dayali-bilecik-ili-ve-ilceleri-nufusu#
  6. ↑ "Bilecik'te 5 Metrelik Çerkez Sofrası Görenleri Şaşırtıyor". Son Dakika (in Türkçe). 2023-06-19. Retrieved 2026-06-11.
  7. ↑ Richmond, Walter (2013). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6067-0.
  8. ↑ Хотко, Самир Хамидович (2015). "Глава 6. Земли Черкесии. Населенные пункты и топонимика". Открытие Черкесии: Картографические источники XIV—XIX вв (in русский). Майкоп: ОАО «Полиграф-ЮГ». p. 114. ISBN 978-5-7992-0829-5.
  9. ↑ Khotko, S. Kh (2015). Otkrytie Cherkesii: kartograficheskie istochniki XIV--XIX vv. = The discovery of Circassia. Maĭkop: Poligraf-I︠U︡g. ISBN 978-5-7992-0829-5.
  10. ↑ "Чедия А.Р. Этническая ситуация на Западном Кавказе по представлениям османов (на примере документа османского архива Hatt- Hatti hümayün 1104/ 444590- Y)". Genesis: Исторические Исследования. 2 (2): 102–113. February 2018. doi:10.25136/2409-868X.2018.2.25306. ISSN 2409-868X.
  11. ↑ Хотко, Самир Хамидович (2015). "Глава 6. Земли Черкесии. Населенные пункты и топонимика". Открытие Черкесии: Картографические источники XIV—XIX вв (in русский). Майкоп: ОАО «Полиграф-ЮГ». p. 114. ISBN 978-5-7992-0829-5.
  12. ↑ Kandor, Ruslan Sultanovich (2020). Процесс инкорпорации традиционных форм управления адыгов (черкесов) Северо-Западного Кавказа в структуры российской административно-политической системы (XIX – начало XX в.) [The Process of Incorporation of Traditional Forms of Governance of the Adyghes (Circassians) of the North-West Caucasus into the Structures of the Russian Administrative-Political System (19th – early 20th Centuries)] (Doctor of Historical Sciences Dissertation) (in русский). Maikop: Maikop State Technological University.
  13. ↑ Richmond, Walter (2013-04-09). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.
  14. ↑ Richmond, Walter (2013). The Circassian Genocide. Rutgers University Press. back cover. ISBN 978-0-8135-6069-4.
  15. ↑ Irechek, Konstantin; Константин Иречек посочва, че черкезите в България преди 1878 г. са 150 000 души, като обръща внимание на факта, че мъжкото население в Северна България сред кавказците, освен санджаците Ниш, Търново и София е 30 573 души.
  16. ↑ Urhan, Vahit Cemil. "Kosova'ya Yapılan Çerkes Göçü ve İskânı (1864–1865)". Trakya Üniversitesi, Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü.
  17. ↑ Noel Malcolm, Kosova: Balkanları Anlamak İçin, çev. Özden Arıkan, Sabah Kitapları, İstanbul 1999
  18. ↑ İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı,"Tersane Konferansının Mukarreratı Hakkında Şûra Mazbatası", İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Dergisi, VI/9 (1954), s. 125., Dipnot: 2.
  19. ↑ Nişanyan, Sevan (2010). Adını unutan ülke: Türkiye'de adı değiştirilen yerler sözlüğü (in Türkçe) (1. ed.). İstanbul: Everest Yayınları. ISBN 978-975-289-730-4.
  20. ↑ Sahakyan, Lusine (2010). Turkification of the Toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey (PDF). Montreal: Arod Books. ISBN 978-0-9699879-7-0.
  21. ↑ Öktem, Kerem (2003). Creating the Turk's Homeland: Modernization, Nationalism and Geography in Southeast Turkey in the late 19th and 20th Centuries (PDF). Harvard: University of Oxford, School of Geography and the Environment, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TB, UK. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
  22. ↑ "28 BİN YERİN İSMİ DEĞİŞTİ, HANGİ İSİM HANGİ DİLE AİT?". KentHaber (in Türkçe). 16 August 2009. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2013. Ayşe Hür, Demokrat Parti döneminde oluşturulan kurul için şöyle diyor: "Bu çalışmalar sırasında anlamları güzel çağrışımlar uyandırmayan, insanları utandıran, gurur incitici yahut alay edilmesine fırsat tanıyan isimler, Türkçe de olsalar değiştirildi. İçinde 'Kızıl', 'Çan', 'Kilise' kelimeleri olan köylerin isimleri ile Arapça, Farsça, Ermenice, Kürtçe, Gürcüce, Tatarca, Çerkezce, Lazca köy isimleri 'bölücülüğe meydan vermemek' amacıyla değiştirildi."
  23. ↑ Bayir, Derya (2013). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law. Ashgate. pp. 106–108. ISBN 9781409420071.
  24. ↑ Sevan Nişanyan. "Nişanyan Yeradları - Türkiye ve Çevre Ülkeler Yerleşim Birimleri Envanteri" (in Turkish). Index Anatolicus. Retrieved 2026-06-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Retrieved from "https://tilcayo.cat/w/index.php?title=Poyra,_Bozüyük&oldid=142685"
This page contains text imported from the English Wikipedia (source revision 1377101626). Its authors are credited under CC BY-SA 4.0: see the attribution record.