From Tilcayo Cats, the lean encyclopaedia by Tilcayo Knowledge Systems
Elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity
A salient , panhandle , or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state .
While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.
In American English , the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma , or the northernmost portion of Idaho . Another term is bootheel , used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.
Origin
The term salient is derived from military salients . The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan , and its use is generally confined to North America.
The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, which serve to separate culturally unified peoples.[ 1] for Africa and the Western Hemisphere , after which post-colonial borders became based on colonial divisions.[ 2] [ 3] Central Asia .[ 1]
Salients may also arise when a national government shifts territory between subnational entities for internal political reasons, as with West Virginia's eastern panhandle during the Civil War .[ 4] Tibetan -inhabited regions in Maoist China, which were split between provinces and from the Tibet Autonomous Region .[ 5]
The location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties ,[ 6] [ 7] topography . Even in these situations, however, salients frequently fail to follow clear and logical criteria, as seen with the partition of India and the resultant northeastern salient . Upon partition numerous majority-Muslim areas remained within Hindu India, and some non-Muslim-majority areas within the exclave of East Pakistan .[ 8]
Country-level salients
Africa
Asia
Europe
South America
North America
Subnational salients
The following locations are salients in first-level administrative subdivisions of nations.
Africa
Salient
Country
Tafraoui and Oran Province File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria
Southwestern Saïda Province
Northeastern Bié Province
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola
Western Mono Department
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin
Eastern Kgalagadi District
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana
Balé Province and Boucle du Mouhoun Region File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso
Kouritenga Province , Centre-Est Region
Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi
Northern Muyinga Province
Kimongo District , Niari Department File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo
Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea
Sitti Zone , Somali Region File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia
Haut-Komo Department , Woleu-Ntem Province File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon
Upper Denkyira West District , Central Region File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana
Télimélé Prefecture , Kindia Region File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea
Northeast Mamou Prefecture , Mamou Region
Western Isiolo County
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya
Eastern Al Wahat District
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya
Southern Mzimba District , Northern Region
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi
Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania
Boumdeid Department , Assaba Region
Southeastern Tete Province
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique
Gossas Department , Fatick Region File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal
Southern Uvinza District , Kigoma Region
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
Babati , Hanang , Mbulu Districts , Manyara Region
Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts , Midlands Province File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe
South America
Salient
Country
Southern Buenos Aires Province
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
Luis Calvo , Chuquisaca Department File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia
Sud Cinti , Chuquisaca Department
Whale Coast , Bahia File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Alto Parnaíba , Balsas , and Tasso Fragoso , southernmost Maranhão
Bico do Papagaio, Tocantins
Northern Mato Grosso
Ponta do Abunã in northwest Rondônia
Triângulo Mineiro , Minas Gerais
Arauco Province , Bío Bío Region File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile
San Antonio Province , Valparaíso Region
Urabá region, Antioquia Department File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia
Unguía and Acandí in northernmost Chocó Department
Santander Department northern tip
Santa Rosa and Piamonte in southeastern Cauca Department
Cotacachi Canton , Imbabura Province File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador
Western Cumandá Canton
Eastern Tena Canton , Napo Province
Balzar and El Empalme Cantons , Guayas Province
Northern East Berbice-Corentyne
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana
Caravelí Province , Arequipa Region File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru
Northern Tapanahony , Sipaliwini District
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname
Páez , Apure File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality , Barinas
Arismendi Municipality , Barinas
Guajira Municipality, Zulia
North and Central America
Salient
Country
Toronto (East York , Etobicoke , Old Toronto , York )File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Northwestern British Columbia
Middle Côte-Nord , Quebec
Labrador West , Newfoundland and Labrador
Western Puntarenas Province
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica
Guamá , Santiago de Cuba Province File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
Southern Hato Mayor Province
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic
Southern Samaná Province
Southern San Miguel Department
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador
Norte, Jalisco
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Eastern Tabasco
Western Tamaulipas
Southeastern Zacatecas
Southern Zacatecas
Chiriquí Grande District , Bocas del Toro Province File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama
Southern Chimán District , Panamá Province
Mariato District , Veraguas Province
Southeast Alaska
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Connecticut Panhandle
Florida Panhandle [ a]
Idaho Panhandle
Western Maryland [ b]
Nebraska Panhandle
Oklahoma Panhandle
Texas Panhandle
Eastern West Virginia
Missouri Bootheel
Northern West Virginia
New Mexico Bootheel
Trans-Pecos
Asia
Salient
Country
Wakhan District , Badakhshan Province File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan
Nawa District , Ghazni Province
Chishti Sharif District , Herat Province
Eastern Sarpang District
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan
Tianchang , Anhui File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Maqu County , Gansu
Fan County and Taiqian County , Henan
Pingliang and Qingyang , Gansu
Daxing'anling Prefecture , Heilongjiang
Zhaotong , Yunnan
Koraput and Malkangiri districts , Odisha File:Flag of India.svg India
Pathankot district , Punjab
Kota division , Rajasthan
Southern Jhansi division , Uttar Pradesh
Wonogiri Regency , Central Java
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
Pacitan Regency , East Java
Mahakam Ulu Regency , East Kalimantan
South Jakarta , Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok , West Java
Tabalong Regency , South Kalimantan
East Luwu Regency , South Sulawesi
Ogan Komering Ilir Regency , South Sumatra
Pasaman Regency , West Sumatra
Semirom County , Isfahan Province File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province
Southern Yazd Province
Fukushima Prefecture salient , Kitakata , Fukushima File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Noda, Chiba
Nose, Osaka
Ōra District, Gunma
Reinan [ja ] (Wakasa ), Fukui
Wadi Araba Department , Aqaba Governorate File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
Russeifa Department , Zarqa Governorate
Southwest Panfilov District , Chuy Region
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan
Chong-Alay District , Osh Region
Nabatieh District , Nabatieh Governorate File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon
Bandar Baharu District , Kedah,File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
Northeast of Kuantan District , Eastern Pahang
South of Kemaman District , Terengganu
Gangaw Township , Magway Region
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar
Thabeikkyin District , Mandalay Region
Eastern Achham District , Far-Western Region
File:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal
Western Surkhet District , Mid-Western Region
Bannu , Karak , and Kohat Divisions , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ,File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
Tiwi , Albay File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Northernmost portion of barangay San Isidro, Cainta , Rizal [ 9]
Northwestern Cagayan
Libis/Reparo, Santa Quiteria and Talipapa of southern Caloocan
Carmona, Cavite
Northeastern Ilocos Sur (roughly corresponding to its 1st district ),
Barangays Casile and Pittland, Cabuyao , Laguna
Santa Maria, Laguna
Las Piñas (Almanza Dos)
Eastern Maguindanao del Sur , Philippines (municipalities east of Sultan sa Barongis )
Carranglan , Nueva Ecija
Alfonso Castañeda , southern Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur , Nueva Vizcaya
Eastern Sultan Kudarat (roughly corresponding to its 1st district , excluding Isulan )
San Manuel , Tarlac
Zakamensky , Tunkinsky and Okinsky Districts , Buryatia
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Katangsky District , Irkutsk Oblast
Kirensky , Mamsko-Chuysky and Bodaybinsky Districts , Irkutsk Oblast
Bikinsky District , Khabarovsk Krai
Trincomalee District , Eastern Province File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
Al-Suqaylabiyah District , Hama Governorate File:Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria
Chenggong and Changbin townships, Taitung County File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
Darvoz District , Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan
Kim Sơn District , Ninh Bình Province
Vietnam Vietnam
Nghi Xuân District , Hà Tĩnh Province
Western Dhamar Governorate
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen
Europe
Salient
Country
Southern Gmunden , Upper Austria
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria
Pancharevo , Sofia City Province File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
Kuhmoinen , Pirkanmaa File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Parikkala , South Karelia
Pudasjärvi -Taivalkoski -Kuusamo , North Ostrobothnia
Ruokolahti , South Karelia
Varkaus , Pohjois-Savo
Gironde , (panhandle is around the Gironde estuary )File:Flag of France.svg France
Drôme (Montfroc )
Hauts-de-Seine
Meurthe-et-Moselle
Manche
Lower Franconia , Bavaria File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Amt Neuhaus , District of Lüneburg , Lower Saxony
Osnabrück District and City , Lower Saxony
Altenburger Land , Thuringia
Southeastern Mureș County
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania
Southeastern Győr-Moson-Sopron County
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
Northern Pest County
Clonlisk, County Offaly
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
Tullyhaw , County Cavan
Province of Rieti , Lazio File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
Raseiniai District Municipality , Kaunas County File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania
Rivierenland, Gelderland
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
Steenwijkerland , Overijssel
Viken File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway
Wschowa County , Lubusz Voivodeship File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Mourão , Évora District File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal
Mozdoksky District , North Ossetia–Alania
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Priyutnensky , Yashaltinsky , and Gorodovikovsky Districts , Kalmykia
Western Chelyabinsk Oblast [ c]
Oparinsky , Podosinovsky , and Luzsky Districts , Kirov Oblast
Vorkuta District, Komi Republic
Negueira de Muñiz , Galicia (Spain) File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Aranjuez , Madrid (Spain)
A Mezquita , Galicia
Diessenhofen , Schlatt bei Diessenhofen , and Basadingen-Schlattingen , Frauenfeld District , Thurgau File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland
Monthey District , Valais
Buckfastleigh , Teignbridge File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom
Ceiriog Valley , Wrexham County Borough , Wales
Maelor Saesneg , Wrexham County Borough , Wales
Western New Forest District , Hampshire
Newmarket , Suffolk
North Cornwall , Cornwall
Stamford , Lincolnshire
South Staffordshire , Staffordshire
The area around Tring , Hertfordshire , which is itself bounded on one side by a salient of Buckinghamshire in the area around Pitstone , Ivinghoe and Dagnall
Ljig , Kolubara District File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia
Ljubovija , Mačva District
Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde , Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina
Petrovo , Republika Srpska
Ravno , Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
Oceania
See also
Notes
↑ This definition includes the following counties: Bay , Calhoun , Escambia , Franklin , Gadsden , Gulf , Holmes , Jackson , Jefferson , Leon , Liberty , Madison , Okaloosa , Santa Rosa , Taylor , Wakulla , Walton , and Washington .
↑ This definition includes the following counties: Allegany , Frederick , Garrett , and Washington
↑ Encompassing, in order of increasing distance from the main body of the oblast, Kusinsky District , Zlatoust Urban Okrug , Satkinsky District , Tryokhgorny Urban Okrug , Katav-Ivanovsky District , Ust-Katav Urban Okrug and Ashinsky District .
References
↑ 1.0 1.1 Jacobs, Frank (December 5, 2011). "A Few Salient Points" . New York Times ↑ Lowitt, Richard (2006). American Outback: The Oklahoma Panhandle in the Twentieth Century . Texas Tech University Press. pp. xvii, xviii. ISBN 9780896725584 ↑ Weigert, Hans W. (1957). Principles of Political Geography . New York City : Appleton-Century-Crofts. pp. 73– 75. ↑ Hubbard, Bill (2008). "Chapter Five: The Evolution of the Territories and States". American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey . University of Chicago Press . p. 167. ISBN 9780226355931 ↑ Sautman, Barry (2006). "Tibet and the (Mis)-Representation of Cultural Genocide". In Sautman, Barry (ed.). Cultural Genocide and Asian State Peripheries . New York City : Palgrave Macmillan. p. 207. ISBN 1403975744 ↑ Mellor, Roy E. H. (1989). National, State and Territory: A Political Geography . London : Routledge . p. 70. ISBN 9780415022873 ↑ Pounds, Norman John Greville (1972). Political geography (2nd ed.). New York City : McGraw-Hill (published 1963). p. 271. ISBN 9780070505667 ↑ Ali Tayyeb (1966). Pakistan; A Political Geography . London: Oxford University Press . p. 89. ↑ "San Isidro" . Google Maps Google LLC. Retrieved 14 January 2020 .
Further reading
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