Siege of Urgench
| Siege of Urgench | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Timurid conquests and invasions | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Timurid Empire | Sufi dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Timur Umar Shaykh[1] | Yusef Sufi | ||||||
The Siege of Urgench (1379) was led against the ancient city of Konye-Urgench by Timur's army, in which also participated his son Umar Shaykh.[2][1]
Since the 1360s, the Turco-Mongol Sufi dynasty ruler Husain Sufi had been expanding his territories in Central Asia, establishing a new Khwarizmian kingdom over the territories of Urgench, including the Transoxonian territories of Khiva and Kath.[3] When Timur became ruler of Transoxonia in 1371, he led claim to the territories of Khiva and Kath.
In 1373, Timur attacked Khwarezm, and its ruler Yusef Sufi of the Sufi dynasty surrendered to Timur, recognizing Timur suzerainty over the Kath-Khiva region.[3] Relations seemed to warm up as the beautiful Khanzade, daughter of Yusuf, was married to Timur's son Jahangir.[3]
Still, Yusuf Sufi's continuing incursions into Timur's territory prompted another invasion by Timur in 1379.[4] In 1379, Yusef Sufi openly rebelled against Timur. This time Urgench was besieged; Yusuf Sufi died in the middle of the siege and Timur demanded the city's surrender. The city refused; as a result when Timur's army finally did capture it by force, after a siege of three months, a general massacre followed and the city was burned down.[5][3]
Timur was then able to annex the whole of Khwarazm.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hourihane, Colum (2002). Insights and Interpretations: Studies in Celebration of the Eighty-fifth Anniversary of the Index of Christian Art. Princeton University Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-691-09990-3.
- ↑ Barisitz, Stephan (28 April 2017). Central Asia and the Silk Road: Economic Rise and Decline over Several Millennia. Springer. p. 139. ISBN 978-3-319-51213-6.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Grousset 1970, pp. 420–421.
- ↑ Bosworth 1978, p. 1064.
- ↑ Hildinger 1997, p. 177.
Sources
- Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1978). "Khwarazm". The Encyclopedia of Islam. Vol. IV. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-05745-5.
- Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Rutgers University Press. pp. 420–421. ISBN 978-0-8135-1304-1.
- Hildinger, Erik (1997). Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia, 500 B.C. to 1700 A.D. Da Capo.