Jump to content

Template:Infobox carbon

From Tilcayo Cats, the lean encyclopaedia by Tilcayo Knowledge Systems
Carbon, 6C
A large chunk of black graphite and a small diamond on a white background
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
Allotropesgraphite, diamond and more (see Allotropes of carbon)
Appearance
  • graphite: black, metallic-looking
  • diamond: clear
Standard atomic weight Ar°(C)
Carbon in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
C
↓
Si
boron ← carbon → nitrogen
Atomic number (Z)6
Groupgroup 14 (carbon group)
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Sublimation point3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)graphite: 2.266 g/cm3[3][4]
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3
Triple point4600 K, ​10,800 kPa[5][6]
Heat of fusiongraphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity8.517 J/(mol·K) (graphite)
6.155 J/(mol·K) (diamond)
Specific heat capacity709.1 J/(kg·K) (graphite)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radiussp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius170 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of carbon
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structuregraphite: ​simple hexagonal (hP4)
Lattice constantsa = 246.14 pm
c = 670.94 pm
(at 20 °C)[3]
Crystal structurediamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic (cF8)
Lattice constanta = 356.707 pm
(at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansiondiamond: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[7]
Thermal conductivitygraphite: 119–165 W/(m⋅K)
diamond: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivitygraphite: 7.837 µΩ⋅m[8]
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[9]
Molar magnetic susceptibilitydiamond: −5.9×10−6 cm3/mol[10]
Young's modulusdiamond: 1050 GPa[7]
Shear modulusdiamond: 478 GPa[7]
Bulk modulusdiamond: 442 GPa[7]
Speed of sound thin roddiamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratiodiamond: 0.1[7]
Mohs hardnessgraphite: 1–2
diamond: 10
CAS Number
  • atomic carbon: 7440-44-0
  • graphite: 7782-42-5
  • diamond: 7782-40-3
History
Namingfrom the Latin carbo for coal and charcoal
DiscoveryEgyptians and Sumerians[11] (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[12] (1789)
Isotopes of carbon
Main isotopes[13] Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
11C synth 20.34 min β+ 11B
12C 98.9% stable
13C 1.06% stable
14C trace 5.70×103 y β− 14N
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Carbon
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-C}
Main isotopes of carbon
Main isotopes[13] Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
11C synth 20.34 min β+ 11B
12C 98.9% stable
13C 1.06% stable
14C trace 5.70×103 y β− 14N
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Carbon". CIAAW. 2009.
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  5. ↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357–361. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
  6. ↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115–1142. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  8. ↑ "Material Properties- Misc Materials". www.nde-ed.org. Archived from the original on 5 March 2004. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
  9. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  10. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
  11. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  12. ↑ Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Archived from the original on 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Four of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CRC" /> for the source CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
  • <ref name="triple2" /> for the source by Haaland
  • <ref name="triple3" /> for the Savvatimskiy
  • <ref name="ioffe" /> for the Ioffe Institute Database
Retrieved from "https://tilcayo.cat/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_carbon&oldid=154286"
This page contains text imported from the English Wikipedia (source revision 1372090743). Its authors are credited under CC BY-SA 4.0: see the attribution record.