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UAZ-452

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UAZ Bukhanka
Overview
ManufacturerUAZ
Also called
  • UAZ-450 (1958–1965)
  • UAZ-452 (1965–1985)
  • UAZ-2206 (minibus)
  • UAZ-3303 (pickup)
  • UAZ-3741 (van)
  • UAZ-3909 (combi)
  • UAZ-3962 (ambulance)
Production1958–present
AssemblySoviet Union / Russia: Ulyanovsk
DesignerVladimir Ariamov
Body and chassis
ClassOff-road vehicle
LayoutFront-engine, four-wheel drive
Powertrain
Engine2432 cc UAZ-450 petrol I4 (1958–1965)
2445 cc UMZ-452 petrol I4
Transmission3-speed manual
4-speed manual
5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,300 mm (90.6 in)
Length4,360 mm (171.7 in)
Width1,940 mm (76.4 in)
Height2,090 mm (82.3 in)
Kerb weight1,760 kg (3,880 lb)
Chronology
SuccessorUAZ Simba (cancelled)

The UAZ Bukhanka (Russian: буханка, loaf), formerly known as UAZ-450 (1958–1965), UAZ-452 (1965–1985), UAZ-2206 (1985–2010) and UAZ SGR (2010–2026), short for Staryy Gruzovoy Ryad (Russian: старый грузовой ряд, old freight lineup), is a family of four wheel drive off-road vans and light trucks with body-on-frame construction and cab over engine design, built by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) since 1958. Originally designed for the Soviet Armed Forces, since 1985 the vans received updates: more modern engines and internationally compliant lighting, as well as new model numbers, UAZ-3741 for the standard van, while (crew-cab) trucks mostly starting with UAZ-3303, often with one or two extra digits specifying the version. From around 1996, bigger UAZ-33036 truck variants with a 25 cm (10 in) longer wheelbase, and taller soft-top roof bows and drop-sides were added.

Overview

The original UAZ-450 (produced between 1958 and 1966), was based on the chassis and engine of the four-wheel drive light truck GAZ-69, and was the first "forward control" vehicle of this type to be built in Russia or anywhere else in the Soviet Union.[1] The UAZ-450 was lightly revised and simplified, resulting in the UAZ-452.[2] Because of the external similarities to a loaf of bread, the van became known as Буханка (bukhanka, or 'loaf' in Russian). The ambulance version was nicknamed Таблетка (tabletka, a pill).[citation needed] The van is produced in several modifications, with the main difference being the body type (e.g. UAZ-3741 van (known as bukhanka), or the UAZ-3303 pickup truck, which is known as golovastik, tadpole).[citation needed]

The body of the van is normally equipped with two front doors, a single-wing door on the right side and a double-wing door at the rear, although the exact configuration can vary depending on the specific modification. Notable in the van are the fuel ports on the left and the right side of the van, leading to two separate fuel tanks.[3]

The engine, placed between the driver and the passenger seats, was the same 75 hp (55 kW) 2.4-litre (2,445 cc) UMZ-452MI inline-four as the UAZ-469, and was able to run on gasoline of as low as 72 octane (76 was preferred).[4]

As of 2024, it is the oldest vehicle design in production.[5]

History

In 1954 the Ministry of the Automotive Industry of the Soviet Union ordered the Design and Experimental Department of UAZ to develop a light offroad freight vehicle for army in short terms. For the base were taken the chassis of GAZ-69 which was assembled at the factory at the time. After the debate with the specialists of NAMI it was decided to choose the cab-over-engine design. The first prototype was designed by Vladimir Ariamov, it had a large front grille inserted into a stylized front mask and the roof was beveled towards the rear. For its black-and-white paint job the van was nicknamed soroka, magpie in Russian. The van was tested across Karakum Desert, Pamir Mountains, Kazakhstan and Oymyakon. In further development the vehicle was modified by Evgeny Starostin and Lev Shemarin, the grille became smaller to simplify the assembly process and the roof was straightened to fit two sets of stretchers as a military ambulance. The final design was finished by Shemarin several hours before it was scheduled to be sent to Moscow for approval.[6]

UAZ was prepared for the serial production in 1958 and planned to assemble 4000 units per year. In June the van was presented at VDNKh in Moscow. First units of UAZ-450 had front suicide doors. The model was available in four bodystyles, van, ambulance, minibus and truck, the minibus had rear quarter windows and roof glass panels. Originally the model was equipped with engine based on GAZ-M20 Pobeda. The vehicle was tested with railroad wheels to be used as a railcar. Most vans were used as ambulances, they could seat up to 4 stretchers or 6 on the benches and one accompanying both. The vehicle was not comfortable for people on the move, as suspension in the submodel remained that of the standard model, but this van was, and in many places is still the only ambulance vehicle that can reach some of the most remote places.[7]

In 1958, before the UAZ-450 was finished, its rear-wheel drive version of UAZ-450 was ordered, it received the UAZ-451 index. The main problem in design process was the front axle being overloaded. Various modification proposals were made and in the end it was decided to move the engine 73 mm (2.9 in) down. The truck undergone the testing where it was competing with GAZ-51. UAZ-451 has entered the serial production in 1961 but the minibus and ambulance models were cancelled.[8]

Since 1960 UAZ had been testing upgrades for 450 model, the work was finalized in 1963. The new vehicles received an OHV engine based on GAZ-21 Volga, 4-speed manual transmission and a facelift, roof windows were removed. The model was given an index of UAZ-452 and entered the production in 1966, an upgraded rear-wheel drive UAZ-451M had been in production for 1965-1982.[9] Vehicles produced until 1979 were equipped with old-style lights: turn signal lights were colorless (white), rear lights were round, and the back of the body was rounder and had a 'fake quarter windows' left from 450. Subsequent post-1979 models got amber (yellow) signal lights, and rear lights were slightly bigger and rectangular, the fake windows were removed.[citation needed]

In 1985 the van was upgraded and spun off into separate submodels: UAZ-39625, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3303, UAZ-3909 and UAZ-2206. The upgrade consisted of lighting fixtures that met modern international requirements, alarms, a new instrument panel, and a new speedometer. The brakes were redesigned. The engine was also upgraded, and its power output increased to 99 hp against the previous 78 hp.

In the early 2000s, the model was given new plastic side mirrors taken from the GAZ GAZelle van, headrests on front seats; and new passenger seats for a minibus version (UAZ-2206) were also given headrests. The pickup truck (UAZ-3303) was fitted with a metal body instead of a wooden one.

In subsequent years, the engine was upgraded to meet modern emissions requirements, and the van was also fitted with an injury-reducing plastic steering wheel.

In March 2011, models UAZ-39625, UAZ-3962, and UAZ-2206 received upgrades, consisting of ABS brakes, power steering, seat belts and the Euro-4 engine as standard equipment.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, mounting losses of supply and utility vehicles in the Russian military faster than they could be replaced resulted in UAZ-452 loaf vans being deployed to the frontlines. Despite some rugged off-road features, its lack of shock absorbers, poor comfort and weak engine made its performance extremely poor and an easy target for drones. Its thin steel panels do not provide protection against drone strikes, and the fuel tanks under the vehicle on both flanks make it susceptible to catching fire. By 2024, destroyed Bukhankas became a common sight in Ukraine and, as a result, Russian troops have attempted to reinforce the vans with caged armour.[10][11] Additionally, modifications such as covering the vans in Kontakt reactive armor, including its windshield, were observed. Unlike the thick armour of tanks, the van is not capable of handling the explosive charge within the ERA blocks, and the modifications make it more dangerous for the crew.[12]

Modifications

  • UAZ-450 / 452 – van
  • UAZ-450A / 452A – ambulance
    • UAZ-452AS – arctic ambulance
    • UAZ-452G – high capacity ambulance
  • UAZ-450V / 452V – minibus
  • UAZ-450D / 452D – truck

Concepts and prototypes

  • UAZ-451A (1960) – rear-wheel drive ambulance
  • UAZ-451V (1960) – rear-wheel drive minibus
  • UAZ-451S (1962) – tracked truck
  • UAZ-450P (1962-1963) – tractor with UAZ-752 trailer
  • UAZ-452P (1973) – tractor with UAZ-749 trailer
  • UAZ-452K (1973) – 6x4 minibus
  • UAZ-452DG (1976) – 6×6 truck

Current

List of current UAZ-452 models:[13]

  • UAZ-2206 – 6 to 11 seat minibus
    • UAZ–22069 – a modification of the UAZ-2206 with a 98-horsepower engine UMZ-4218.10, increasing to 2.9 liters volume. Rough terrain buses provide permanent all-wheel drive and increased ground clearance. Maximum speed of 110–125 km/h.
  • UAZ-3303 (UAZ-452D) Голова́стик Golovastik ('tadpole') – pickup truck with a 2-person all-metal cab
  • UAZ-3741 – all-metal cargo van capable of carrying loads up to 850 kg
  • UAZ-3909 – Фермер ("Farmer"), Combi which carries 6 passengers and 450 kg of cargo; the rear compartment is separated from the front (driver's) row with a window.
    • UAZ-3909i – military ambulance with a red cross on the roof and bonnet
  • UAZ-3962 – Tabletka ("Tablet") ambulance, can accommodate up to 9 people or equivalent load.
    • UAZ-39625 – strict passenger and cargo version of the UAZ-3962. Differs from the 3909 version in the fact that the 3909 version has real and stationary passenger seats, and a separate not glassed-in cargo compartment behind the passenger compartment; and a fully glazed version 39625 has seats installed in the cargo hold, and the sides have a hinged bench.
  • UAZ-39094 – crewcab pickup truck with a 10 cm metal platform with a wooden floor equipped with a removable frame tent and awning, 3 dropsides. Cargo bed replaceable by utility and special service bodies.

Users

Specifications

UAZ-3303 UAZ-3741 UAZ-2206 UAZ-3962 UAZ-3909 UAZ-39094
Number of seats 2 2 8-11 8 7 5
Number of doors 2 4 4 4 4 3
Length, mm (ft) 4474

(14’ 8")

4440

(14’ 6")

4440

(14’ 6")

4440

(14’ 6")

4440

(14’ 6")

4847

(15’ 10")

Width, mm (ft) 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100
Height, mm (ft) 2355 2101 2101 2101 2101 2355
Wheelbase, mm (ft) 2550 2300 2300 2300 2300 2550
Clearance, mm (ft) 220 220 220 220 220 220
Fording depth, mm (ft) 500 500 500 500 500 500
Curb weight, kg 1845 1805 1940 1805 1905 1995
Gross weight, kg 3070 2730 2790 2730 2830 3070
Payload, kg 1225 925 850 925 925 1075
Fuel petrol (gas) petrol (gas) petrol (gas) petrol (gas) petrol (gas) petrol (gas)
Engine displacement in liters. 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
Maximum power, hp (kW) 112 (82.5) at 4000 rpm 112 (82.5) at 4000 rpm 112 (82.5) at 4000 rpm 112 (82.5) at 4000 rpm 112 (82.5) at 4000 rpm 112 (82.5) at 4000 rpm
Maximum torque, Nm 208 at 3000 rpm 208 at 3000 rpm 208 at 3000 rpm 208 at 3000 rpm 208 at 3000 rpm 208 at 3000 rpm
Maximum speed, km / h (m/h) 115 127 127 127 127 127
Fuel consumption at 90 km / h, l / 100 km 15.4 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 17
Capacity fuel tanks, l 50 77 77 77 77 50
Gearbox Manual, 5-speed Manual, 5-speed Manual, 5-speed Manual, 5-speed Manual, 5-speed Manual, 5-speed
Transfer case 2-speed 2-speed 2-speed 2-speed 2-speed 2-speed
Brakes dual circuit, vacuum booster, drum dual circuit, vacuum booster, drum dual circuit, vacuum booster, drum dual circuit, vacuum booster, drum dual circuit, vacuum booster, drum dual circuit, vacuum booster, drum
Tyres 225 / 75 R 16 225 / 75 R 16 225 / 75 R 16 225 / 75 R 16 225 / 75 R 16 225 / 75 R 16

See also

Bibliography

  • Ambulance Vehicle UAZ-452-A // "Soviet Military Review", No. 8, August 1988. page 27
  • Foss, Christopher F.; Gander, Terry J., eds. (1999). Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics 1999-2000 (20th ed.). Janes Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-1912-9.

References

This article has been brought over from the Russian Wikipedia article.

  1. ↑ "Уазбука. Галерея автомобилей УАЗ-450".
  2. ↑ "Russian UAZ just came up with the toughest overlander van". Hagerty Media. 5 February 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  3. ↑ "Parts Catalogue" (PDF). uaz.rustina.cz. p. 53.
  4. ↑ Thompson, Andy. Cars of the Soviet Union (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p.178.
  5. ↑ "UAZ Bukhanka 2024 prices, models, configurations, photos, new body, video".
  6. ↑ "УАЗ-450 («Буханка», «Батон»)". UAZbuka.
  7. ↑ Де Агостини Автолегенды СССР [1] (Avtolegendy USSR). УАЗ-452 Moscow ISSN 2071-095X
  8. ↑ "УАЗ-451Д". Denisovets.
  9. ↑ "УАЗ-452". Denisovets.
  10. ↑ Day, Lewin (7 June 2024). "Oldest Vehicle Still In Production Becomes Key To Russia's War Effort". The Autopian. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  11. ↑ Rumble, Stuart (10 June 2024). "Soviet-era Loaf van becomes Russia's main battlefield resupply vehicle in Ukraine". www.forcesnews.com. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  12. ↑ Axe, David. "Congratulations, Russia: You've Invented An Even More Dangerous Self-Exploding Van". Forbes. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  13. ↑ "Открытое Акционерное Общество 'Ульяновский автомобильный завод'". Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
  14. ↑ "Arminfo: A military off-road vehicle crashes into a residential house in Armenia killing one and wounding two". arminfo.info. 27 June 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  15. ↑ Janovsky, Jakub; Dan; Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost; Kemal (27 September 2020). "The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses On The Sides Of Armenia And Azerbaijan". Oryx. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Foss & Gander 1999, p. 307.
  17. ↑ "English: A Moldova ambulance at the Bulboaca Training Center in Moldova". 8 August 2007.
  18. ↑ "Pyongyang Medical College Hospital. | Download Scientific Diagram".
  19. ↑ "Bogdan Corporation hands over some 50 upgraded Bogdan 2251 ambulance vehicles to Armed Forces in Aug". Interfax-Ukraine. 10 September 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
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This page contains text imported from the English Wikipedia (source revision 1375289163). Its authors are credited under CC BY-SA 4.0: see the attribution record.