Willem Leyel's war on Golconda
| Willem Leyel's war on Golconda | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
| File:Naval Ensign of Denmark.svg Danish India | File:Qutbshahi Flag.svg Golconda Sultanate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Danish India Willem Leyel | File:Qutbshahi Flag.svg Abdullah Qutb | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
| Danish India Christianshavn | File:Qutbshahi Flag.svg Unknown | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unk. amount of ships | Unk. amount of ships | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Negligible | Some ships | ||||||||
Willem Leyel's war on Golconda (Danish: Willem Leyels krig mod Golconda), or simply the Dano-Golconda War (Danish: Dansk-Golcondanske Krig), was a brief privateering war between the Sultanate of Golkonda and the Danish East India Company led by Willem Leyel. The hostilities quickly resulted in a peace treaty and the two parties would soon reconcile.
Background
During Bernt Pessart's time as overhoved of Danish India, Masulipatnam was the centre of the cotton trade and Pessart would rather prefer residing in Masulipatnam than Tranquebar.[1] Masulipatnam was originally an unimportant fishing village located in the Sultanate of Golconda, however, in the 17th century its commercial importance began to grow, and the Danes established a factory there.[2]
Prelude
Initially, the relations with the local sultan remained stable, and he had been eager to acquire cloves from the Danish Company.[3] However, as the company's finances suffered, the relations would deteriorate. By 1638, Pessart's debts in the trading town amounted to 35,000 pagodas.[4] In 1639 Dutch, English, and Danish agents in Masulipatnam had been ordered to present the sultan with a gift of 600,000 pagodas.[5] When the Danes could not deliver this, their trading post was ransacked.[6] In 1640, the St. Jacob wrecked off Masulipatnam. It was a serious blow to the company, and led Pessart's creditors to demand his imprisonment.[7]
Because of the financial situation, Christian IV sent Captain Willem Leyel to Dansborg to investigate the company's affairs.[8] When Leyel arrived he assumed Pessart's leadership, however, the conditions in Masulipatnam was still at place.[9]
War
The disordered state of affairs with regard to trade with the Sultanate of Golconda continued,[4] and Leyel was finally forced to declare war on Golconda.[10][4] Leyel initiated a blockade of Masulipatnam,[4] the biggest trading town in the Sultanate, and launched privateering ventures to the Coromandel Coast.[10][4] These ventures eventually led to the capture and seizure of a couple of Golcondian ships.[10] As a result, Leyel and the Golcondian sultan, Abdullah Qutb Shah, would agree to a peaceful settlement.[10][4] This settlement was favorable to Danish India.[11]
Aftermath
This peace settlement put an end to the lucrative market, in which the Danish officers had been involved, and it may be assumed that this settlement caused a mutiny in Tranquebar in 1648.[10]
See also
- Dano-Mughal War – Danish colonial conflict against the Mughal Empire
- Bernt Pessart
- Golconda diamonds mining and trading
- Dano-Mughal Treaty – Treaty between the Mughal Empire and Denmark-Norway
References
- ↑ "B. Pessart". foreningen-trankebar.dk. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
- ↑ Bredsdorff 2009, p. 14.
- ↑ Wirta 2018, p. 78.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Sethuraman 2016, p. 474.
- ↑ Bredsdorff 2009, p. 73.
- ↑ Bredsdorff 2009, p. 74.
- ↑ Bredsdorff 2009, p. 75.
- ↑ "1639 - 55 - www.foreningen-trankebar.dk". 123hjemmeside.dk (in dansk). Retrieved 2024-04-19.
- ↑ Bredsdorff 2009, p. 91.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 "Den danske tropekoloni i Trankebar". www.aerenlund.dk. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
- ↑ Larsen 1907, p. 36.
Works cited
- Bredsdorff, Asta (2009). The Trials and Travels of Willem Leyel. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 9788763530231.
- Sethuraman, N. (2016). The Danish East India Company From Establishment To The Epilogue (1616 – 1729) - A Historical Perspective. Salem: Tamil Nadu History Congress Proceedings.
- Wirta, K.H. (2018). Dark horses of business : overseas entrepreneurship in seventeenthcentury Nordic trade in the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Universiteit Leiden.
- Larsen, Kay (1907). De dansk-ostindiske koloniers historie – Trankebar [History of the Danish East Indian Colonies – Tranquebar] (in dansk). Vol. 1. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centralforlaget – via Danskernes Historie Online.