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Newburyport, Massachusetts

Coordinates: 42°48′45″N 70°52′40″W / 42.81250°N 70.87778°W / 42.81250; -70.87778
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Newburyport, Massachusetts
City
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Interactive map of Newburyport, Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°48′45″N 70°52′40″W / 42.81250°N 70.87778°W / 42.81250; -70.87778
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyEssex
Settled1635
Incorporated as a town1764
Incorporated as a city1851
Government
 • TypeMayor-council city
 • MayorSean R. Reardon
Area
[1]
 • Total
10.71 sq mi (27.74 km2)
 • Land8.35 sq mi (21.63 km2)
 • Water2.36 sq mi (6.11 km2)
Elevation
36 ft (11 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
18,289
 • Density2,190.2/sq mi (845.66/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code
01950
Area code351/978
FIPS code25-45245
GNIS feature ID0614293
Websitewww.cityofnewburyport.com

Newburyport is a coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Boston. The population was 18,289 at the 2020 census.[2] A historic seaport with a vibrant tourism industry, Newburyport includes part of Plum Island. The mooring, winter storage, and maintenance of recreational boats, motor and sail, still generate much of the city's income. A Coast Guard station oversees boating activity, especially in the sometimes dangerous tidal currents of the Merrimack River.

At the edge of the Newbury Marshes, delineating Newburyport to the south, an industrial park provides a wide range of jobs. Newburyport is on a major north–south highway, Interstate 95. The outer circumferential highway of Boston, Interstate 495, passes nearby in Amesbury. The Newburyport Turnpike (U.S. Route 1) traverses Newburyport on its way north. The Newburyport/Rockport MBTA commuter rail from Boston's North Station terminates in Newburyport. The earlier Boston and Maine Railroad leading farther north was discontinued, but part of it has been converted into a recreation trail.

History

In 1680 Elizabeth Morse was convicted of witchcraft in Newbury. She was confined to her property unless she was escorted by a clergymen until she died in 1690.

On January 28, 1764, the General Court of Massachusetts passed "An act for erecting part of the town of Newbury into a new town by the name of Newburyport."[3] The act begins:

Whereas the town of Newbury is very large, and the inhabitants of that part of it who dwell by the water-side there, as it is commonly called, are mostly merchants, traders, and artificers, and the inhabitants of the other parts of the town are chiefly husbandmen; by means whereof many difficulties and disputes have arisen in managing their public affairs – Be it enacted ... That part of the said town of Newbury ... be and hereby are constituted and made a separate and distinct town ....

The act was approved by Governor Francis Bernard on February 4, 1764. The new town was the smallest in Massachusetts, covering an area of 647 acres (2.62 km2), and had a population of 2,800 living in 357 homes. There were three shipyards, no bridges, and several ferries, one of which at the foot of Greenleaf Lane, now State Street,[4] carried the Portsmouth Flying Stage Coach, running between Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and Boston.[5]

The town prospered and became a city in 1851. Situated near the mouth of the Merrimack River, it was once a fishing, shipbuilding and shipping center, with an industry in silverware manufacture. In 1792, a bridge was built two miles above the town where the river contained an island.[6] Merrimack Arms and Brown Manufacturing Company made Southerner Derringer pistols in their Newburyport factory from 1867 to 1873.[7] The sea captains of old Newburyport (as elsewhere in Massachusetts) had participated vigorously in the triangular trade, importing West Indian molasses and exporting rum made from it. The distilleries were located around Market Square near the waterfront. Caldwell's Old Newburyport rum was manufactured locally until 1961.

As a part of the triangle trade, the first leg of which involved the purchase of slaves from West Africa, many Newburyporters were anti-abolitionists. Massachusetts abolished slavery in 1783, and many runaway slaves found refuge in the state. In the early 1800s, around 6000 runaway slaves were living in Newburyport. In 1850, the fugitive slave act was passed, requiring all US states to capture and return runaway slaves. Because of this, runaways had to flee the country or risk returning to slavery. In this era, some white Newburyporters became stops on the Underground Railroad. As a port city and part of the triangle trade, Newburyport's abolitionists were often mariners. Capt. Alexander Graves, for example, smuggled slaves from the South and to Canada.[8]

Newburyport once had a fishing fleet that operated from Georges Bank to the mouth of the Merrimack River. It was a center for privateering during the Revolutionary War and War of 1812. Beginning about 1832, it added numerous ships to the whaling fleet. Later, clipper ships were built there. Today, the city gives little hint of its former maritime importance. Notably missing are the docks, which are shown on earlier maps extending into the channel of the Merrimack River, and the shipyards, where the waterfront parking lot is currently located.

George Whitefield, the well-known and influential English preacher who helped inspire the First Great Awakening in America, arrived in Newburyport in September 1740. The revival that followed his labors brought into existence Old South Church, where he was buried after his death in 1770.

The city's historical highlights include:

Historic events:

  • First of many clipper ships built here.[9]
  • First "Tea Party" rebellion to oppose British Tea Tax.[10][11]
  • First state mint and treasury building.[12]
  • Newburyport Superior Courthouse, the oldest continuously active courthouse in Massachusetts.

The Newburyport Five Cents Savings Bank on State Street was founded in 1854 and is one of the oldest banks in the United States still in operation.[13]

Historic houses and museums:

Literary interests:

Timeline

Timeline of Newburyport, Massachusetts
  • 1635: Newbury incorporated.[17]
  • 1761: Belleville Congregational Church founded.[18][19]
  • 1764: Newburyport incorporated (formerly part of Newbury).
  • 1772: Marine Society of Newburyport established.[20]
  • 1773
  • 1790: Population: 4,837.[24]
  • 1793: Impartial Herald newspaper begins publication.[22][23]
  • 1794
    • Morning Star newspaper begins publication.[23]
    • Newburyport Woolen Manufacturing Co. established.[25]
  • 1795
    • Political Gazette newspaper begins publication.[22][23]
    • Merrimack Bank incorporated.[25]
  • 1797: Newburyport Herald newspaper begins publication.[23]
  • 1799: Newburyport Marine Insurance Co. incorporated.[25]
  • 1801: American Intelligencer newspaper published.[23]
  • 1802: Merrimac Humane Society established.[26]
  • 1803
    • Merrimack Gazette and New England Repertory newspapers begin publication.[23]
    • Newburyport Female Charitable Society organized.[25][26]
    • Merrimack Fire and Marine Insurance Co. incorporated.[25]
  • 1804: Political Calendar newspaper begins publication.[23]
  • 1805: Merrimack Magazine begins publication.[23]
  • 1807: Newburyport Gazette newspaper begins publication.[23]
  • 1808: Statesman newspaper begins publication.[23]
  • 1810
    • Newburyport Mechanick Association and Newburyport Athenaeum incorporated.[25]
    • Independent Whig newspaper begins publication.[23]
    • Merrimack Bible Society organized.[25]
  • 1812: Washington Benevolent Society organized.[25]
  • 1818: Howard Benevolent Society instituted "for the relief of the sick and destitute."[26]
  • 1825: Newburyport Hosiery Co. established.[25]
  • 1829: Newburyport Lyceum organized.[25]
  • 1835
  • 1836
    • Newburyport Linnean Society and Newburyport Steam Cotton Co. incorporated.[25]
    • Newburyport Silk Co.[25] and Newburyport Ladies' Bethel Society[26] established.
  • 1837: Bartlet Steam Mills incorporated.[25]
  • 1840: Pleasant Street Christian Church organized.[26]
  • 1841: Essex North District Medical Society organized.[26]
  • 1842: James Steam Mills incorporated.[25]
  • 1844: Essex Steam Mills incorporated.[25]
  • 1845: Globe Steam Mills and Ocean Steam Mills incorporated.[25]
  • 1850
    • Ladies' General Charitable Society instituted.[26]
    • Newburyport Gas Co. incorporated.[25]
  • 1851: June 18: Essex North Musical convention held.[25]
  • 1852: Merrimack Library Association organized.[25]
  • 1854
  • 1855: Newburyport Library Association organized.[25]
  • 1857: Mechanic Library Association incorporated.[25]
  • 1865: Washington Street Methodist Episcopal Church organized.[26]
  • 1869: Merrimack Marine Railway Co. incorporated.[25]
  • 1874: Newburyport Mutual Benefit Association organized.[26]
  • 1877: Antiquarian and Historical Society of Old Newbury established.[25][28][29]
  • 1878: Newburyport Athenaeum organized.[25]
  • 1884: Newburyport YMCA incorporated.[25]
  • 1886: Newburyport Society for the Relief of Aged Men incorporated.[25]
  • 1887: Newburyport Electric Light & Power Co. incorporated.[25]
  • 1887: Daily News established.
  • 1890
    • YWCA of Newburyport incorporated.[25]
    • City Improvement society organized.[25]
  • 1896: Newburyport Choral Union organized.[25]
  • 1904: South End Reading Room Association formed.[25]
  • 1906: Newburyport Homeoepathic Hospital opens.[25]
  • 1917: Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church of Newburyport founded.
  • 1968: Newburyport Maritime Society established.[27]
  • 1971: Market Square Historic District added to National Register of Historic Places.
  • 1971-1979: Downtown undergoes major renewal and historic preservation effort.
  • 1991: Actors Studio of Newburyport founded.[30][31]
  • 1994: Sister city relationship established with Bura, Taita-Taveta District, Kenya.[32][33]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 10.6 square miles (27 km2), of which 8.4 square miles (22 km2) is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) (20.77%) is water.

Geographic history

The city is part of Massachusetts's North Shore; Newburyport was laid out on the elevated south bank of the Merrimack River between the river and Newbury marshes. The shipyards, now boatyards (and still vigorously active), extended along the bank at the edge of the river. They were connected by Merrimac Street, which ends upriver where the bank merges into bluffs covered with pine forest. Colonial residences extend up the bank from Merrimac Street to High Street running parallel to it near the top of the ridge. The homes of the seafaring entrepreneurs line High Street. Many feature widow's walks, structures on the roof where residents could watch for the return of sailing vessels. Nearly every home maintains a splendid flower garden, most dating to colonial times. Various cross streets, such as State Street, Green Street, and Market Street, connect Merrimac Street and High Street. The top of the ridge proved an ideal location for later institutions, such as Newburyport High School and nearby Anna Jaques Hospital. The ridge drops more sharply to the marsh on the other side. Along its margin a third parallel street developed, Low Street.

The river bank gradually descends to marshes at Joppa Flats beyond downtown Newburyport. The Plum Island Turnpike was pushed out over the marsh on a causeway to a narrow part of the Plum Island River just south of where it connects to the mouth of the Merrimack. A drawbridge was built there, the only access to the island by road. On the Newburyport side a small airport, Plum Island Airport, was built at the edge of the marsh. The portion of Plum Island in the city has no direct access to the rest of the city; similarly, there is no access between the mainland and Woodbridge Island or Seal Island, west of Plum Island (the latter being shared between Newburyport and Newbury). Several parks and beaches dot the city, including Plum Island Point Beach, Simmons Beach, Joppa Park, Waterfront Park, Woodman Park, Cashman Park, Moseley Pines Park, and Atkinson Common and March's Hill Park. Newburyport Forest is in the city's southwest corner, and Maudslay State Park lies along the northwest part of the city, along the banks of the Merrimack.

Neighborhoods

  • Joppa
  • South End
  • Plum Island. It features Plum Island Point, a site for fishing and recreation, and the Plum Island Lighthouse,[34] built in 1838.

Climate

Climate data for Newburyport, Massachusetts (2000–2016 normals, rainfall/snowfall 1991–2020; extremes 1911–2016)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 71
(22) 		67
(19) 		85
(29) 		94
(34) 		100
(38) 		97
(36) 		100
(38) 		98
(37) 		96
(36) 		86
(30) 		75
(24) 		70
(21) 		100
(38)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 55
(13) 		54
(12) 		65
(18) 		83
(28) 		88
(31) 		92
(33) 		94
(34) 		92
(33) 		90
(32) 		79
(26) 		69
(21) 		60
(16) 		96
(36)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 33.2
(0.7) 		36.2
(2.3) 		44.5
(6.9) 		56.6
(13.7) 		66.5
(19.2) 		75.0
(23.9) 		82.3
(27.9) 		81.0
(27.2) 		74.1
(23.4) 		61.9
(16.6) 		51.5
(10.8) 		40.2
(4.6) 		58.6
(14.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 24.2
(−4.3) 		26.5
(−3.1) 		34.9
(1.6) 		45.6
(7.6) 		55.9
(13.3) 		64.9
(18.3) 		71.8
(22.1) 		70.1
(21.2) 		63.1
(17.3) 		51.6
(10.9) 		41.8
(5.4) 		31.6
(−0.2) 		48.5
(9.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.2
(−9.3) 		16.8
(−8.4) 		25.3
(−3.7) 		34.6
(1.4) 		45.3
(7.4) 		54.9
(12.7) 		61.3
(16.3) 		59.2
(15.1) 		52.1
(11.2) 		41.3
(5.2) 		32.2
(0.1) 		23.0
(−5.0) 		38.4
(3.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −2
(−19) 		2
(−17) 		8
(−13) 		25
(−4) 		32
(0) 		44
(7) 		53
(12) 		50
(10) 		39
(4) 		29
(−2) 		19
(−7) 		9
(−13) 		−4
(−20)
Record low °F (°C) −12
(−24) 		−12
(−24) 		−2
(−19) 		19
(−7) 		28
(−2) 		39
(4) 		48
(9) 		46
(8) 		32
(0) 		25
(−4) 		12
(−11) 		−2
(−19) 		−12
(−24)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.68
(93) 		3.63
(92) 		4.72
(120) 		4.45
(113) 		4.11
(104) 		4.27
(108) 		3.51
(89) 		3.49
(89) 		3.90
(99) 		5.15
(131) 		3.99
(101) 		4.86
(123) 		49.76
(1,262)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 18.0
(46) 		16.1
(41) 		13.4
(34) 		1.8
(4.6) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		1.4
(3.6) 		11.1
(28) 		61.9
(157.45)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 11.0
(28) 		12.0
(30) 		10.0
(25) 		2.0
(5.1) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.0
(2.5) 		7.0
(18) 		18.0
(46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 11.5 9.3 11.6 10.9 12.0 11.9 10.2 9.4 9.1 10.6 10.4 11.5 128.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 6.9 5.3 4.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 4.5 23.2
Source: NOAA[35][36]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17904,837—    
18005,946+22.9%
18107,634+28.4%
18206,852−10.2%
18306,375−7.0%
18407,161+12.3%
18509,572+33.7%
186013,401+40.0%
187012,595−6.0%
188013,538+7.5%
189013,947+3.0%
190014,478+3.8%
191014,949+3.3%
192015,618+4.5%
193015,084−3.4%
194013,916−7.7%
195014,111+1.4%
196014,004−0.8%
197015,807+12.9%
198015,900+0.6%
199016,317+2.6%
200017,189+5.3%
201017,416+1.3%
202018,289+5.0%
2024*19,163+4.8%
* = population estimate.
Source: United States census records and Population Estimates Program data.[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[50]

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Newburyport had a population of 18,289. The median age was 50.3 years. 18.4% of residents were under the age of 18 and 24.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 86.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 83.4 males age 18 and over.[51][52]

95.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 4.4% lived in rural areas.[53]

There were 7,971 households in Newburyport, of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 49.4% were married-couple households, 14.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 30.4% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[51]

There were 8,615 housing units, of which 7.5% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 3.8%.[51]

Racial composition as of the 2020 census[52]
Race Number Percent
White 16,765 91.7%
Black or African American 140 0.8%
American Indian and Alaska Native 12 0.1%
Asian 252 1.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 5 0.0%
Some other race 202 1.1%
Two or more races 913 5.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 461 2.5%

2010 census

As of the census[54] of 2010, there were 17,416 people, 8,264 households, and 4,428 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,086.2 inhabitants per square mile (805.5/km2). There were 7,897 housing units at an average density of 942.0 per square mile (363.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.2% White, 3.6% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.7% of the population. The top five ethnic groups are:[55] (United States 2010 Census quickfacts)

  • Irish – 25%
  • English – 16%
  • Italian – 11%
  • French (except Basque) – 7%
  • German – 6%

There were 7,519 households, out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. Of all households, 33.1% were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $78,557, and the median income for a family was $103,306. Males had a median income of $51,831 versus $37,853 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,187. About 2.8% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Historic preservation

Annual events

  • Yankee Homecoming, founded in 1958, is an annual festival celebrating the natives coming home to Newburyport.
  • Waterfront Concert Series at Waterfront Park.
  • Newburyport Literary Festival, founded in 2006.
  • Newburyport Chamber Music Festival, founded in 2001.

Points of interest

Newburyport is served by the Newburyport Public Library, part of the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium.

Government

Upon adopting a new charter in 2011 which took effect in 2013, Newburyport has been run by a mayor with a four-year term and an eleven-member City Council (prior to that, the mayor's term lasted for two years). The current mayor of Newburyport is Sean Reardon, and the next election year for mayor is 2029.

Newburyport is part of the Massachusetts Senate's 1st Essex district.[56]

Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 15, 2008[57]
Party Number of voters Percentage
Democratic 4,058 31.42%
Republican 1,700 13.16%
Unaffiliated 7,095 54.94%
Libertarian 61 0.47%
Total 12,914 100%

Education

Newburyport High School was founded in 1935,[58] and is one of the oldest public high schools in the United States.

Public education is administered by the Newburyport School District.

Media

Newspapers include:

Radio

WJOP-LP is a low power FM radio station broadcasting from Newburyport which includes local interviews, sports, and music.[61] WNBP broadcasts from Newburyport as a simulcast of the Boston-based Bloomberg Radio affiliate WBOS.[62] WNEF is a repeater station for the UMass Boston radio station WUMB-FM.[63]

Television

Three local public access television stations are broadcast on Comcast: Channel 8, which broadcasts community programming, Channel 9, which broadcasts government and school board programming, and Channel 22, which broadcasts local arts and history programming.[64]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Highways include:

The Merrimack Valley Regional Transit Authority provides bus service.

Newburyport is the northern terminus of the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system.[65]

Plum Island Airport is a privately owned general aviation airport located within the city limits.[66]

Notable people

Newburyport was the inspiration for the city of Innsmouth, the setting of the H. P. Lovecraft story The Shadow Over Innsmouth, part of the Cthulhu Mythos. The narrative also cameos the actual Newburyport in the first chapter, when the protagonist sets out on his journey to Innsmouth.[69]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Census - Geography Profile: Newburyport city, Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  3. ↑ Currier 1902, p. 267.
  4. ↑ Currier, John (1902). History of Newbury, MA 1635–1902. Boston: Damrell & Upham. pp. 241–242.
  5. ↑ Currier (1906) pages 5, 27–29.
  6. ↑ Morse, Jedidiah. (1804). The American gazetteer: exhibiting a full account of the civil divisions, rivers, harbors, Indian tribes, &c. of the American continent, also of the West India and other appendant islands: with a particular description of Louisiana. 2nd edition. Charlestown, Massachusetts: Printed by and for Samuel Etheridge, and Thomas and Andrews. p. 359. The Internet Archive website
  7. ↑ James, Garry American Rifleman (June 2012) p.88
  8. ↑ "How a white chimney in Hanover led to some truths about the Underground Railroad in Boston". GBH. February 8, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  9. ↑ "Why Newburyport is called, 'Clipper City'". Brick and Tree. May 13, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  10. ↑ Cutter, William Richard (January 1, 1921). American Biography: A New Cyclopedia. Pub. under the direction of the American historical society.
  11. ↑ Wright, John Hardy (November 1, 1999). Newburyport. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738563336.
  12. ↑ Crosby, Sylvester Sage (January 1, 1875). The Early Coins of America: And the Laws Governing Their Issue. Comprising Also Descriptions of the Washington Pieces, the Anglo-American Tokens, Many Pieces of Unknown Origin, of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, and the First Patterns of the United States Mint. The author.
  13. ↑ "Company Overview of Newburyport Five Cents Savings Bank". Bloomberg News. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Cushing House Museum & Garden". The Historical Society of Old Newbury. April 6, 2002. Archived from the original on April 6, 2002. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Newburyport Custom House Museum". Retrieved June 16, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Guide to Lovecraftian Sites in Massachusetts". October 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  17. ↑ Toppan 1885.
  18. ↑ "History". Newburyport: Belleville Congregational Church. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011.
  19. ↑ Daniel Taggart Fiske. An historical discourse commemorative of the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of the Belleville Congregational Church, Newburyport, Mass., delivered on Thanksgiving Day, November 25, 1858. E.P. Dutton & Co., 1859
  20. ↑ Acts of incorporation and by-laws of the marine society of Newburyport, in Massachusetts, Newburyport, MA: Printed by Whitton & Hale, 1846
  21. ↑ Thomas, Isaiah (1874). History of printing in America (2nd ed.).
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Eighteenth-Century American Newspapers in the Library of Congress: Massachusetts". Library of Congress. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 Brigham, Clarence S. (October 1915). "Bibliography of American newspapers, 1690-1820; part 4: Massachusetts (except Boston)". Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. 25 (2): 396–501.
  24. ↑ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 25.21 25.22 25.23 25.24 25.25 25.26 25.27 25.28 25.29 25.30 25.31 25.32 25.33 25.34 Currier 1909.
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 Sampson 1874.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "About Us". Custom House Museum. Archived from the original on July 4, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  28. ↑ Andrew McFarland Davis (February 1893), "Historical work in Massachusetts", Transactions, Colonial Society of Massachusetts
  29. ↑ "Historical Society of Old Newbury". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  30. ↑ "About Us". Actors Studio of Newburyport. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Member Directory". Eastern Massachusetts Association of Community Theatres. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Newburyport Bura Alliance". Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
  33. ↑ "Out of Amesbury and Newburyport to Africa, and Back", Boston Globe, January 30, 2000
  34. ↑ "Plum Island (Newburyport Harbor) Lighthouse". New England Lighthouses and Coastal Attractions. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
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  37. ↑ "Total Population (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
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  46. ↑ "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
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  50. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
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  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved April 9, 2026.
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  66. ↑ "Plum Island Aerodrome". www.plumislandaerodrome.org. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
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Furthur reading

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  • Bethany Groff (2008), Old Newbury, Charleston, SC: History Press, ISBN 9781596294813
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