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Ogbomosho

Coordinates: 8°08′N 4°15′E / 8.133°N 4.250°E / 8.133; 4.250
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Ogbomosho
Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ (Yoruba)
City
Nickname: 
Mosh Town
[mapframe not available on SimWiki]
Interactive map of Ogbomosho
Coordinates: 8°08′N 4°15′E / 8.133°N 4.250°E / 8.133; 4.250
CountryFile:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
StateOyo State
LGAsNorth
South
Elevation
347 m (1,138 ft)
Population
[1]
 • Urban
554,690 (2,006 census)
 • Urban density2,110/km2 (5,500/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,752,000
Time zoneUTC+1 (WAT (UTC+1))
ClimateAw
National languageYorùbá

Ogbomosho (; also known as Ogbomoso and Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́) is a city in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria.[2] It was founded in the mid 17th century.[3] The urban population was approximately 744,835 in 2024.[4] It is the second largest city in Oyo State and among the most populated in Nigeria. It is the 3rd most populated city in South Western Nigeria after Lagos and Ibadan. The City itself has 5 local governments(12 LCDA's), which makes it one of the largest cities in Nigeria. Although the principal inhabitants of the city are the Yoruba people, there are people from other parts of Nigeria and other West African countries who are residents in the city.[5]

History

Ọlábánjọ Ògúnlọlá Ògúndìran was of Ibariba descent. He and his wife, Esuu, built their hut by the side of the Àjàgbọn tree.[6]

According to an early missionary, "Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ in 1891 was a walled city, the gates of which were closely watched by day and securely closed by night. The town, picturesque and well watered was isolated from the rest of the Yoruba towns. Political relations were maintained with the Ibadans, for the country depended on its security on the warriors of Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ and Ikirun...The strength of Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ lay in the wall and moat surrounding the town, and the warriors made full use of it by sitting close and tight.."[7]

The city of Ogbomoso was founded in the mid-17th century AD by Ogunlola, a skilled and courageous hunter of Ibariba origin. Historians do not know his real name, but early Yoruba settlers called him "Ogunlola" because he was a hunter and adventurer. (Historically, the important Ibariba ethnic group lived in northern Benin, especially in Borgu, an artificially divided area on the border between Benin and Niger in Nigeria today, their people are spread between Kwara State and the Borgu section of Niger State, of Sudanese origin and call themselves "Batono" meaning people, and their society is class-based and traditionally slave-owning)_ according to a brief history of Ogbomoso by J. M Adeoye.[1]

The area that is called Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ today is between Igbọ́n and Ìrẹṣà—Arẹṣà to the west; Oníkòyí to the East; Olúgbọ́n to the north; and Tìmì of Ẹdẹ to its south direction—according to Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ History and Origin Documentary by Israel Ayanwuyi.

Ògúnlọlá (later Ṣọ̀ún) noticed smoke oozing from some nearby locations. He took courage and approached these places and discovered other hunters. There is no more Baálẹ̀ Akandíẹ̀.[8]

Ogunlola, after the discovery of these hunters, took the initiative to invite them to form the Alongo Society. The primary objectives of the society were defence against Sunmoni (slave prowlers) raids, group hunting of wild animals, and mutual assistance. After each day's hunting, they retired to Ogunlola's hut where they were treated to beans and other meals and were served with Sekete wine brewed by Ogunlola's wife from fermented guinea corn. They also engaged in discussing current affairs and planning.[8]

Esuu, the wife of Ogunlola, introduced the worship of Orisapopo to Ogbomosho. The worshippers were distinguished by white beads worn round their necks and wearing of white dresses only. Drinking of palm wine was forbidden to them. The name Orisapopo was probably derived from the fact that Ogunlola's hut was on the northsouthern route, therefore the Orisala being worshipped in the hut was named "Orisapopo" (idol by the highway). The importance and influence of 'Orisapopo' among the citizens of Ogbomoso is immense. It can be described as the patron Òrìṣà of Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́.[9]

Devastating havoc was brought upon the Oyo people when the Ibaribas, under Elemoso's leadership attacked Oyo-Ile near Ilorin city. He consequently took total siege on Oyo, causing famine and hardship in the State.[8]

Alaafin was so impressed by Ogunlola's prowess that he, the Alaafin, requested Ogunlola to stay in the capital (Oyo-Ile) instead of returning to his settlement. Ogunlola politely declined saying "Ejeki a ma se ohun" meaning "let me manage that place." His majesty, the Alaafin, granted Ogunlola's wish to return to his settlement. This was later contracted to Ogbomoso.[10][11]

Eventually, the authority of Ogunlola became greater and more respected. His compound by the Ajagbon tree then became the Soun's palace and a rallying point for all Ogbomoso citizens.[citation needed]

Ogbomosho, because of her strategic location, quickly grew from a village status to a medium size town. Her people were also renown warriors. During the Fulani wars of the 19th century, many towns and villages (about 147) were deserted while their people took refuge in Ogbomosho. The influx of people further enhanced the size and strength of the town.[12]

Alagba the sacred tortoise

Alagba is believed to have been born in the year 1675 in the old Oyo town, which is now being referred to as Ogbomoso. He was reputedly said to have been brought from the forest by the third Soun of Ogbomoso, Oba Ikumoyede who ruled from 1770 until 1797.[13] [14]In deference to its age, it is called Alagba, which means "the elderly one" in Yoruba. In Ogbomoso, where the legendary tortoise lumbers about in the palatial grounds of the king, it is almost a sacrilege to refer to Alagba as a mere tortoise. The tortoise played host to many monarchs in Ogbomoso in the past.[15]

The sacred tortoise, which was believed to be the oldest in Africa, was sick for a few days before her demise on 5 October 2019.[16]

The palace household, Ogbomoso community and stakeholders in the tourism sector are reportedly mourning[when?] Alagba's passage because of the great impact left behind. Plans are underway to preserve Alagba's body for historical records.[17]( by Timothy copy )

List of Monarchs

The founder of Ogbomoso, Soun Olabanjo Ogunlola Ogundiran, was the first Soun of Ogbomoso. He had 5 sons, Lakale, Kekere, Esuo, Eiye and Jogioro. He was later succeeded by his youngest son, Erinbaba Alamu Jogioro, who was the second Soun.[18]

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE KINGS (SOUN) OF OGBOMOSO LAND

This is a chronological list of the kings (Soun/Bāle) of Ogbomoso, beginning with its founder, Soun Olabanjo Ogunlola Ogundiran, and continuing to His imperial Majesty Oba Ghandi Afolabi Olaoye Orumogege III.

1- SOUN OLABANJO OGUNLOLA OGUNDIRAN (1659–1669)

Following the killing of Elemosho, Ogunlola was ordered to settle at his former residence. The area later became known as Ogori Elemosho, meaning “the abode of the man who carried Elemosho’s head.” Over time, the name evolved into Ogbomoso. Ogunlola consequently became the city’s first Soun, and He established the foundation of the city’s political and defensive system.

2- SOUN LAKALE AREMU, SON OF OGUNLOLA (1669–1679)

The eldest son of Ogunlola, Lakale Aremu succeeded his father as the second Soun.

3- SOUN KEKERE-ESUO, SON OF OGUNLOLA (1679–1690)

Ogunlola’s second son, who succeeded his elder brother Lakale and became the third Soun.

4- SOUN EIYE AGANNAGANNA, SON OF OGUNLOLA (1691–1713)

He became the fourth Soun and ruled for more than two decades.

5- SOUN ARAPASOPO ERINSABA ALAMU JOGIORO, SON OF OGUNLOLA (1714–1770)

The fifth Soun, Jogioro was renowned as a skilled military commander and strategist. During his reign, Ogbomoso’s political and defensive institutions became more firmly established.

6- SOUN OLUSIMI (IKUMOYEDE) AJAO, SON OF JOGIORO (1770–1797)

The sixth Soun, Ikumoyede strengthened the political structure of Ogbomoso and became regarded as the ancestor of the major contemporary ruling lineages.

7- SOUN OLOGOLO ORISA MATU, SON OF JOGIORO (1797–1811)

He succeeded his elder brother Ikumoyede and was known for his military activities and long residence among neighbouring peoples.

8- SOUN OLUKAN ADENIYI, GRAND SON OF LAKALE (1811)

His reign lasted only about seven months and was marked by political instability. He was eventually removed from the throne and exiled.

9- SOUN TOYEJE AKANNI ALEBIOSU AARE ONA KAKANFO, SON OF IKUMOYEDE (1811–1825)

Toyeje was a distinguished warrior and later became Aare Ona Kakanfo, the military commander of Yorubaland. He participated in several major wars and played an important role in defending Ogbomoso and the wider Yoruba territories.

10- SOUN OLUWUSI AREMU, SON OF IKUMOYEDE (1825–1840)

His reign coincided with major conflicts involving the Fulani forces and the decline of the Old Oyo Empire. Ogbomoso became a major refuge for people displaced by the wars, greatly increasing its population and political importance.

11- SOUN JAYEOLA BAYEWUWON KELEBE, "AARE AROLOFIN" ALAO, SON OF IKUMOYEDE (1840–1842)

He strengthened Ogbomoso’s defence and worked closely with neighbouring Yoruba forces. He was known for consulting elders and experienced leaders before making important decisions.

12- SOUN IDOWU BOLANTAN ADIGUN, SON OF IKUMOYEDE (1842–1845)

His short reign was largely peaceful. He focused on strengthening administration and maintaining the stability of the kingdom.

13- SOUN OGUNLABI ODUNARO, SON OF IKUMOYEDE (1845–1860)

The last son of Ikumoyede to rule, he reigned for fifteen years. During his reign, Christianity and Western education were introduced into Ogbomoso.

14- SOUN OJO OLANIPEKUN ABURUMAKU AARE ONA KAKANFO, SON OF TOYEJE (1860–1869)

He became the fourteenth Soun and also served as the eleventh Aare Ona Kakanfo of Yorubaland. His reign was characterized by strong political ambitions and internal conflicts.

15- SOUN ALAMU OTUNLA (1869)

He occupied the throne for only six months before being removed following political and military opposition.

16- SOUN GBAGUNGBOYE AJAMASA AJAGUNGBADE I, SON OF OLUWUSI (1869–1871)

He became Soun in 1869 and was known for his cooperation with Ogbomoso’s military leaders. He later received the title Ajagungbade I after distinguished military service.

17- SOUN OLAOYE ATANDA ORUMOGEGE I, SON OF BAYEWUWON (1871–1901)

A long-reigning and popular king who promoted peace, education, and public order. During his reign, modern education, missionary activities, the Baptist Hospital, and other modern institutions were introduced into Ogbomoso.

18- SOUN MAJEUNGBASAN AJIBOLA ELEPO I, SON OF BOLANTAN (1901–1908)

During his reign, telegraph and related communication facilities were introduced into Ogbomoso.

19- SOUN ADEGOKE OLAYODE I, SON OF ODUNARO (1908–1914)

He was widely respected for his simplicity and humility. His reign was affected by political disputes and a controversial legal case that eventually led to his exile by the colonial Government.

20- SOUN OLAREWAJU ITABIYI I, SON OF ABURUMAKU (1914–1916)

He became Soun during a period of considerable political instability and colonial interference. One of his notable achievements was the establishment of the royal court.

21- SOUN BELLO AFOLABI ALABI OYEWUMI AJAGUNGBADE II, SON OF GBAGUNGBOYE (1916 - February 18, 1940)

A former soldier who spoke French fluently, he helped bridge traditional Ogbomoso institutions with the emerging modern administration. Postal and communication services expanded during his reign.

22- SOUN AMAO OYETUNDE, SON OF OYEKOLA (1940– June 12 1944)

Amao Oyetunde (son of Oyekola), grandson of Laoye, and great-grandson of Bayewuwon). His accession became the subject of a major succession dispute. In 1944, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London overturned his appointment, after which his uncle, Oke Olanipekun, became Soun.

23- SOUN LAWANI OKE OLANIPEKUN  ORUMOGEGE II, SON OF OLAOYE (October 16, 1944 – March 19, 1952)

He supported educational development and provided land for the establishment of schools. He was the last ruler to formally bear the title Bāle before the title was changed to Oba.

24- OBA OLATUNJI ALAO ELEPO II, SON OF AJIBOLA (1952–1966)

In 1952, the title of the ruler was formally changed from Bāle to Oba, and the five recognized ruling houses were formally established: Toyeje, Oluwusi, Baiyewuwon, Bolantan, and Odunaro, later represented in the present order as Itabiyi, Oyewumi, Laoye, Bolanta, and Layode. During his reign, Ogbomoso was provided for several educational institutions, including Ogbomoso High School, Saja Baptist Primary School, the Local Authority Teachers’ Training College, Molẹte Local Authority School, and Ogbomoso Girls’ High School.

25- OBA EMMANUEL OLAJIDE OLAYODE II, SON OF OLAYODE (1966–1969)

Oba Emmanuel Olajide was the son of Adegoke Olayode I and grandson of Odunaaro. He was the first Soun to receive formal Western education in the modern sense. He attended Osupa Baptist Day School in 1928 and later worked as a public health inspector before ascending the throne in 1966.

Before becoming king, he was active in social and cultural affairs, including establishing the Samba Musical Band in Ogbomoso and participating in investment clubs.

His reign was cut short by the Agbekoya disturbances, during which protesters stormed the palace and killed him by beheading. He remains the only Soun in Ogbomoso’s history to have been killed in such a manner. He was buried on 3 July 1969 according to Christian rites.

26- OBA SALAMI AJIBOYE ITABIYI II, SON OF OLAREWAJU ITABIYI (June 4, 1972 – June 2, 1973)

Oba Abdus-salam Ajiboye, son of Olarewaju Itabiyi I and grandson of Aburumaku, succeeded Oba Emmanuel Olajide Olayode II as the 26th Soun of Ogbomoso. His reign was very brief, and he died on 2 June 1973.

27- OBA JIMOH OYEWUMI AJAGUNGBADE III, SON OF AFOLABI OYEWUMI (October 24, 1973 – December 12,02021)

Oba Jimoh Oladunni, son of Afolabi Oyewumi Ajagungbade II and grandson of Bagun Biyi Ondubi Ajagungbade I, was selected by the traditional kingmakers after receiving 92 of the 100 votes in the official selection process involving Ifa consultation.

He adopted the royal title Ajagungbade, meaning “one who fought in defence of the crown.” His reign marked a significant transformation in Ogbomoso. He built a modern palace and contributed greatly to the expansion and development of the city.

In 2000, he was honoured with the Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON) by President Olusegun Obasanjo. He became the longest-reigning Soun in modern Ogbomoso history, serving for 47 years until his death on 12 December 2021 at the age of about 95.

28- OBA GHANDI AFOLABI OLAOYE ORUMOGEGE III (September 8, 2023–Present)

Oba Ghandi Afolabi Olaoye Orumogege III is the great-grandson of Soun Olaoye Atanda Orumogege I through his son Emmanuel Oladayo OLaoye. He is also a brother of Soun Lawani Oke Olanipekun Orumogege II.

On Saturday, 2 September 2023, the Governor of Oyo State, Engineer Seyi Makinde, officially approved the appointment of Oba Ghandi Afolabi Olawe Oromogege III as the Soun of Ogbomosoland..

[19][20][21]

Traditional council

The traditional council in Ogbomosho comprises seven esteemed leaders, with diverse perspectives represented and they are headed by the Areago.

The council include:

Areago, Jagun, Bara, Ikolaba, Abese, Balogun and Iyalode

The traditional council of Ogbomoso, known as Ilus (the citizenry), is composed of seven principal officeholders—six male and one female—who collectively represent the political, military, social, and economic interests of the community, led by the Arãago.

The council includes key offices: the Arãago (who serves as deputy to the Soun and guarantor of political continuity); The Jagan (a warrior-administrator and local authority); The Bara (a senior chief and policy shaper); The Ikolaba (a ministerial officer overseeing internal governance); The Abese (a trusted advisor on strategic and external affairs); The Balogun (the commander of the town’s armies and symbol of protection); And The Iyalode (the highest-ranking female leader and institutional representative of women’s interests). Soun of Ogbomoso in Council18

Education

Ogbomosho has four degree-awarding institutions of higher learning. Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) is named for the Ogbomosho son and Premier of the old Western Nigeria, Samuel Ladoke Akintola (SLA). LAUTECH is ranked at the top of the later generation universities in Nigeria. It awards degrees in science, engineering, technology and medicine.This university has a teaching hospital named Lautech Teaching Hospital.[22]

The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary (NBTS),[23] one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Nigeria and the first to award degrees offering programs in theology, sociology and philosophy in Nigeria. The Seminary serves the Baptist Church in Nigeria, The Nigerian Baptist Convention (NBC), which also has its headquarters in Ibadan, Oyo State.[24]

Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso- (BUTH) [25] A Christian Teaching hospital training doctors and other medical professionals. Originally established in March 1907[26] as a missionary medical facility and through the years developing into the Baptist Medical Centre and later transformed to a Teaching Hospital in 2009. BUTH now boasts of over 400 Bed Capacity, over 800 Staff and Students, Multidisciplinary Facility, Family Medicine Residency Programme, Nursing and Midwifery Courses, 50,000 Outpatients and 10,000 Inpatients, fully Accredited Training Programmes which includes; B.Sc. Anatomy, B.Sc. Physiology and MB/BS.[27][28]

The Federal Government of Nigeria recently approved the establishment of Federal Polytechnic, Ayede, a satellite town of Ogbomosho. Learning and research activities will soon commence in this institution.[29]

Recently, the federal government also approved the establishment of one of the four campuses of the National Academy for Cultural Studies (NACUS) in Ogbomosho. Plans are in advanced stages for the establishment of a community owned, multi-campus, private university. The headquarters of the renowned SQI College of ICT are located in the city. Other higher institutions in the city are Best Legacy College of Education, Bethsaida College of Health Technology, and Covenant College of Health Technology.

The federal government-owned Federal Government College, Ogbomosho and Nigerian Navy Secondary School, Ogbomosho are located in the city. There are numerous private secondary schools all over the city, some of which are Pine Valley High School, Gomal Baptist College (GBCO), Victory Model College, Faith Academy, VISTO Group of Schools, Smith International Baptist Academy, George Green Baptist College, Zoe Schools, Maryland Catholic High School, Anglican Model College, Lautech International College, Royal International College, Zion Christian Academy, and Command Secondary School, Gambari.[30]

Economy

Ogbomosho has about 257 surrounding villages and emerging towns which amalgamated to the rulership of Soun.[citation needed] The major economy in the land is Agriculture: Cashew plantations are widely distributed across the land, In addition, Mango plantations are widely distributed too. Ogbomosho is one time the largest planter of cassava across the globe. The people of the land also engage in trading, and rearing of domestic animals like goats and sheep. Also, a very prominent veterinary hospital exists in Ogbomosho for the vaccination of livestock. The people are widely traveled.[31]

Other industries include trading, banking, small-scale manufacturing, and construction. There are three radio stations namely Brave FM, Parrot FM, and Ajilete FM, and a television station, NTA Archived 2022-07-04 at the Wayback Machine Ogbomosho.[32][33][34]

Inadequate government investment in infrastructural facilities and policy guidance for local initiatives have undermined the economic growth and development of the town. The location of the town on terrain unattractive to manufacturers and investors, with the road network being poor.[35]

Cityscape

Ogbomosho is connected by roads from major cities such as Ilorin, Osogbo, and Ibadan. One of the prominent landmarks is the central mosque at Oja-Igbo, which towers over the traditional walled compounds of private houses and the parts of the old wall that remain. [36][37] Okelerin Baptist church also serve as one of the oldest churches and building in the town. Other prominent landmarks are Ogbomosho Recreation Club, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,[38]Lautech's College of Health Sciences, [39]Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Bowen University Teaching Hospital[40]Lautech Teaching Hospital, Heroes Arcade and Soun Stadium.[41][42]

Ogbomosho has other mosques, several churches, estates, and business complexes littered all over the city. Ogbomosho Recreation Club has meeting halls, an indoor sports hall and a golf course. The headquarters of the American Baptist Church of Nigeria and its theological seminary are located in the city.[43] The closest airport to Ogbomosho is Ilorin Airport which is approximately 52 kilometers away.[44]

Climate

Precipitation is most common from May to October. It is more cloudy during the wet season (May to October).[45]

Religion

The three main faiths in Ogbomoso are Christianity, Islam, and traditional African religions.

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Oyo (State, Nigeria)". population.de. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  2. ↑ Ayanwuyi, Israel (December 25, 2023). "Ogbomoso: Ajagungbade III to Orumogege III Documentary". AIF Yoruba Cultural Centre. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  3. ↑ "Ogbomosho". Britannica Online. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
  4. ↑ "Ogbomosho Population 2024". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  5. ↑ Chernow, Barbara A; Vallasi, George A., eds. (1993). "Ogbomosho". Columbia Encyclopedia (5th ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 1997. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
  6. ↑ "Origin of Ogbomoso, Oyo state". Emporium Reporters. 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  7. ↑ Pinnock, 1917, p. 43-44
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Origin of Ogbomoso, Oyo state". Emporium Reporters. 27 March 2020. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  9. ↑ "The Full History of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria". My Woven Words. 2019-03-13. Archived from the original on 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  10. ↑ "History". www.ogbomoso.net. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  11. ↑ "History Of Ogbomoso – OSNDA". Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  12. ↑ "History of Ogbomosoland, Nigeria". Archived from the original on 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
  13. ↑ Tijani, Mayowa (2019-10-05). "OBITUARY: Alagba, the '348-year-old' Ogbomoso tortoise and pounded yam lover still fighting in death". TheCable. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  14. ↑ Babalola, Ademola (2019-10-03). "344-year-old tortoise, Alagba dies at Soun palace". The Punch. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  15. ↑ Tijani, Mayowa (2019-10-05). "OBITUARY: Alagba, the '348-year-old' Ogbomoso tortoise and pounded yam lover still fighting in death". TheCable. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  16. ↑ "Does this photo really show a 344-year-old tortoise?". The Observers - France 24. 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  17. ↑ "12 things to know about the oldest tortoise in Africa, Alagba". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria.
  18. ↑ Ayanwuyi, Israel (June 29, 2023). "Ogbomoso History and Origin Documentary". AIF Yoruba Cultural Centre. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  19. ↑ "Lists of Soun of Ogbomosoland". Retrieved 2 - 2 - 2026. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  20. ↑ "Soun Dynasty".
  21. ↑ "Aare Muhammadu Buhari ránṣẹ́ sí ìlú Ogbomoso lórí ikú Soun". 12 December 2021.
  22. ↑ "Soun of Ogbomoso in Council". alakujiy@blogspot.com. 2 February 2026. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  23. ↑ NBTS
  24. ↑ "The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary". nbts.edu.ng. The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  25. ↑ BUTH
  26. ↑ "6: Christian Missionary Activities in West Africa – History Textbook". Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  27. ↑ "Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso". Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
  28. ↑ "History of Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso". www.buth.edu.ng. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  29. ↑ Adejumo Kabir. "FG approves establishment of new polytechnic in Oyo". Premium Times. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  30. ↑ "George Green Baptist College - GGBC Ogbomoso". ggbc.buth.edu.ng. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  31. ↑ "Home". PubMed Central (PMC). Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  32. ↑ Adebayo, Musliudeen (2024-08-24). "Armed robbers invade FM station in Oyo, cart away equipment [PHOTOS]". Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  33. ↑ Adexen. "Nigeria Parrot FM 101.1, Adexen.com". Adexen. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  34. ↑ Awojoodu, Kazeem (2022-02-12). "BUNVIC Facilitates Upgrade Of NTA Ogbomoso". Independent. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  35. ↑ "Ogbomoso South is neglected The Nation Newspaper". thenationonlineng.net. 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  36. ↑ Ayantoye, Daniel (2026-01-23). "Commuters lament delay in Oyo-Ogbomoso road repair". The Punch. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  37. ↑ "Ogbomosho | Oyo State, Map, & Population | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  38. ↑ "Home | Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH)". www.lautech.edu.ng. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  39. ↑ "Home - Lautech Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso". 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  40. ↑ Admin, System (2019-11-05). "Newsletter - Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso". Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  41. ↑ adefaye (2011-09-30). "Ogbomosho stadium needs upgrading". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  42. ↑ "Soun's 2nd Anniversary To Feature Orumogege Football Tourney In Ogbomoso". Leadership. 2025-09-05. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  43. ↑ "Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  44. ↑ "Airports Near Me - Ogbomosho, Nigeria | Travelmath". www.travelmath.com. Retrieved 2026-06-09.
  45. ↑ "Simulated historical climate & weather data for Ogbomoso". Meteoblue. Retrieved 19 July 2026.
  46. ↑ Ejigiri, Damien; Adu Frimpong, Augustine (2018-10-29). "African Intellectuals and the State of the Continent: Essays in Honor of Professor Sulayman S. Nyang, edited by Olayiwola Abegunrin and Sabella Abidde". African and Asian Studies. 17 (4): 427–429. doi:10.1163/15692108-12341412. ISSN 1569-2094. S2CID 189995006.
  47. ↑ Ayanwuyi, Israel (June 29, 2023). "Ogbomoso Yesterday and Today Documentary". YouTube.com. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  48. ↑ Online, Tribune (2025-07-09). "Èsù is not Satan: Exploring the indigenous Yoruba worldview". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 2026-05-18.
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