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Rizal, Cagayan

From Tilcayo Cats, the lean encyclopaedia by Tilcayo Knowledge Systems
For the province, see Rizal.
Rizal
Malaueg
Motto: 
Tanu napakesan nonta nasiksikan
Rise Up Malaueg
CountryPhilippines
RegionNegros Island Region
Founded1522
Named forJosé Rizal
Barangays(see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • MayorJamila Denise B. Ruma
 • Vice MayorAtty. Brenda B. Ruma
 • RepresentativeBaby Aline Vargas-Alfonso
 • Electoratevoters (?)
Highest elevation
847 m (2,779 ft)
Lowest elevation
36 m (118 ft)
Economy
 • Poverty incidence
<div style="background-color: Expression error: Unexpected > operator.; width: %; height: 100%;">
% (?)
 • Revenue₱ 
 • Assets₱ 
 • Expenditure₱ 
 • Liabilities₱ 
Service provider
 • Electricity—
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
PSGC
PSGC unknown

Rizal, officially the Municipality of Rizal, is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the ?, it has a population of people.

In the 21st century, the town grew notorious for the multiple incidents of assassinations among local politicians, with three mayors being killed since the 1980s.

History

Spanish regime

The incorporation of the town was dated early 1500s during the Spanish era in the Philippines. At that time, the town was called "Malaueg", from the word "ueg" that means creek or river.[3] The name was used until 1903 when the town was renamed in honor of Filipino nationalist José Rizal.

During the Spanish regime, the town was said to be the rest spots of the Spanish Authorities, friars and some locals, because of its cool environmental climate. Malaueg people build the largest stone convents for the friars, some nipa hut houses for Spanish Authorities and some ordinary houses for the locals. Malaueg became a center of Christianity next to Nueva Segovia after the Malaueg Church was built.

In 1607, the area was the site of Caquenga's Revolt. With the creation of the Nueva Segovia diocese in 1595 in the Cagayan Valley, Catholic missionaries from Europe began flooding into the region to convert the indigenous inhabitants to the Catholic faith. Per the Dominican account, Pagulayan, the chief of Nalfotan, had tried contacting Catholic missionaries for years. Fray Pedro then accepted the invitation and went to Nalfotan to visit Pagulayan and the Malaueg people. To his astonishment, he found a church erected and the people waiting to adopt the religion. However, Caquenga, an indigenous animist leader, or priestess, apprehended the coming of the friar. Christianity posed a threat to her indigenous animism, and Catholic missionaries and Spanish officials worked continuously to eradicate animism. In response to this threat against her spiritual beliefs, she gathered a group of followers and they revolted against the priest.[4]

American period

During the American occupation of the Philippines, the town of Malaueg was also a favorite spot for the Americans. During the Spanish–American War, the town was almost destroyed when the soldiers used its towering mountains to hide their ammunition and dug some trenches. The Authorities were very protective of the condition of the church during war.

The town before had two municipalities, namely: Mauanan and Malaueg. The barrios on the western and northern part belonged to the municipality of Malaueg, while the barrios on the eastern part belonged to the municipality of Mauanan, where the seat of two municipal governments was established (Philippine Commission; Act Nos. 943 and 944, enacted in 1903). Act No. 2390 changed the names of the municipalities of Santo Niño and Mauanan.

The names of the municipalities of Santo Nino and Mauanan were changed to Faire and Rizal, respectively. Mauanan was named Rizal in the year 1914 and the sitios of Lattut, Capacuaan and Macatal were annexed from Rippang in 1933, under executive Order No. 690 dated March 28, 1935.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, the town was largely destroyed in bombing attacks. The town also became one of the centers of resistance in the Philippines because of its forested areas that served as a hideout.

Post-independence

In the 1980s, many residents of Rizal migrated out of town due to the threat of communist rebels, with various reports stating that it had practically become a ghost town by 1987.[5] On June 2, 1987, more than 100 rebels overran the Rizal municipal hall and burned down the residence and trucks of former mayor Raul dela Cruz.[6] In November 1987, dela Cruz was reinstated as mayor of Rizal by local government secretary Luis T. Santos based on a ruling by the Supreme Court.[7]

21st century; spate of assassinations

On the evening of December 13, 2006, 19-year-old Sangguniang Kabataan chairman Nelson "Bot" Asucena, who was a member of both Anakbayan and the peasant group Kagimungan, was assassinated outside his family's home in Barangay San Juan, Zinundungan Valley by six military men after he served them the coffee and water they had requested upon visiting.[8] Asucena's father, Hipolito, later testified that Army Lt. Marcelo Pascua, a family friend, had perpetrated the assassination, but officials from the Philippine Army denied the military's involvement in the incident, accusing the human rights group Karapatan of fabricating facts.[9][10] A fact-finding mission by ecology group Taripnon, joined by Asucena's father and wife, was prevented from entering Barangay San Juan on January 20, 2007 by Pascua himself, who claimed that the area was restricted.[11]

On February 13, 2007, nine alleged contract killers, most of whom were from Cagayan, were arrested in Biñan, Laguna at an election checkpoint along the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), with police authorities claiming that they were members of the New People's Army (NPA) rebel group based on the weapons and explosives found in their van.[12][13] The police further claimed that they had been heading back to Cagayan after failing to find their targets in San Pedro, Laguna: two mayoral candidates of Rizal that were opponents of mayor Raul dela Cruz in the 2007 election. Two of those arrested were minors from Tuguegarao.[12]

On July 18, 2008, retired constabulary officer Elmer Baligod, a cousin of defeated mayoral candidate Joel Ruma, was tending to his food stall in front of his house in Tuguegarao when he was assassinated by Chito Cauilan and five other motorcycle-riding gunmen.[14] Baligod's two sons Edwardson and Erwin witnessed the incident and chased after the gunmen, reaching the house of mayor dela Cruz. Negotiations were held between police and mayor dela Cruz to reveal the "male persons" in the latter's residence, Edwardson and Erwin identified Cauilan, an aide to dela Cruz, as one of the gunmen, who was then arrested. Cauilan was convicted for murder in February 2016.[15]

On the evening of December 3, 2008, mayor dela Cruz was assassinated by unknown gunmen in Solana, Cagayan, alongside three or four of his security escorts, including his driver Jomar Buluran, while in a van headed for Manila.[16] Dela Cruz was the second Rizal mayor to be assassinated since the 1980s, after Ventura B. Baloran.[17] Surviving bodyguards claimed that former Rizal councilor Alfredo Alvarez and his two companions were the perpetrators behind the assassination based on the voices they heard during the incident, although Alvarez himself denied the accusation.[18]

On January 23, 2011, Inspector Antonio Rueco, Rizal's chief of police, and four other officers were killed in a landmine explosion in barangay Illuro Sur and gunfire by NPA rebels from the Danila Ben Command. Two other Rizal officers were injured.[19]

On July 21, 2013, barangay captain Edwin Gannaban of Pasingan was assassinated by armed men a few months prior to the barangay elections, while an indicted suspect, militia member Randy Gadduan, was killed three days later.[20] Later that year, both mayor Joel Ruma and barangay chairman Eduardo Datul of Lattut were nearly assassinated on two separate incidents by unknown gunmen.[21]

On the evening of September 3, 2015, former councilor and ABC president Nelson Littaua, a relative of mayor dela Cruz, was assassinated in front of his home in Tuguegarao by motorcycle-riding gunmen.[22][23] He had previously been wounded in an attempted assassination while driving through Solana, Cagayan in April 2008.[23]

On July 29, 2018, incumbent councilor Alvarez was assassinated in Tuguegarao by motorcycle-riding gunmen while driving through the city to return to his Rizal residence.[24] Police later filed murder complaints against vice mayor Joel Ruma and two of his aides based on security footage of the incident that captured the faces of the gunmen, who were identified by Alvarez's son Franklin.[24][25] Ruma was later arrested in Quezon City on April 18, 2022 while he was running for mayor; he won the election a month later, succeeding Brenda Ruma, his wife, and defeating Nacionalista candidate Ralph Mamauag.[26][27]

On the evening of April 23, 2025, mayor Ruma was shot dead by an unknown gunman while attending a campaign sortie in barangay Illuru Sur for his reelection; three attendees were also injured from the incident.[28][29] He was replaced as vice mayor by his wife Brenda and as a candidate by her daughter Jamila, who went on to win the election against Mamauag and became the Philippines' youngest mayor at the age of 21.[30]

Geography

The Municipality of Rizal has a total land area of 32,586.671 hectares (80,523.42 acres). The land is distributed as follows: 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) are designated as built-up areas; 5,545.0 hectares (13,702 acres) are classified as agricultural land; 267.5 hectares (661 acres) are occupied by water bodies; 8,375.1 hectares (20,695 acres) consist of open grassland; 207.0 hectares (512 acres) are allocated for roads and streets; 4.0 hectares (9.9 acres) are set aside for eco-tourism purposes; and 17,178.07 hectares (42,447.9 acres) are designated as forest zones.

The place is hilly and mountainous. The poblacion is located on a plateau. The neighbouring barangays are situated on the slopes of hills, and some are located along the banks of Matalag River.

Rizal is situated 64.34 kilometres (39.98 mi) from the provincial capital Tuguegarao, and 532.23 kilometres (330.71 mi) from the country's capital city of Manila.

Mountains

  • Mount Annaguan, the highest point in the town, has the height of 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) and it can overview some neighboring towns from its peak.
  • Mount Maoanan, with a height of 968.5 meters (3,177 ft), was the legendary mountain where Biuag and Malana fought a battle for a maguinganay.

The Sinicking National Park has the height of 801 meters (2,628 ft) and the highest elevation between the town's Poblacion and barangay Gaddangao is 1,004 meters (3,294 ft). The entrance to the town is very similar to the Kennon Road of Baguio.

Barangays

Rizal is politically subdivided into 29 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

  • Anagguan
  • Anurturu
  • Anungu
  • Baluncanag
  • Batu
  • Cambabangan
  • Capacuan
  • Dunggan
  • Duyun
  • Gaddangao
  • Gaggabutan East
  • Illuru Norte
  • Lattut
  • Linno (Villa Cruz)
  • Liuan
  • Mabbang
  • Mauanan
  • Masi (Zinundungan)
  • Minanga
  • Nanauatan
  • Nanungaran
  • Pasingan
  • Poblacion
  • San Juan (Zinundungan)
  • Sinicking
  • Battut
  • Bural (Zinundungan)
  • Gaggabutan West
  • Illuru Sur

Climate

Climate data for Rizal, Cagayan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25
(77) 		26
(79) 		29
(84) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		25
(77) 		29
(84)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20
(68) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		21
(70) 		23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 133
(5.2) 		87
(3.4) 		68
(2.7) 		44
(1.7) 		127
(5.0) 		134
(5.3) 		160
(6.3) 		162
(6.4) 		134
(5.3) 		192
(7.6) 		194
(7.6) 		260
(10.2) 		1,695
(66.7)
Average rainy days 18.1 13.3 13.3 11.8 19.7 20.9 22.8 22.8 20.3 16.6 18.4 21.7 219.7
Source: Meteoblue[31]

Demographics

In the 2024 census, the population of Rizal was 19,577 people, with a density of 160 inhabitants per square kilometer or 410 inhabitants per square mile.

Languages

The local languages are Malaueg and Ilocano.

Economy

Poverty incidence of (%)

Lua error in Module:Chart at line 301: bad argument #1 to 'max' (number expected, got string).

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[35]

Government

Local government

Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

Rizal is part of the second legislative district of the province of Cagayan. It is governed by a mayor, designated as its local chief executive, and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the municipal councilors are elected directly by the people through an election held every three years.

Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2025–2028)

Name
Congressman Baby Aline Vargas-Alfonso
Mayor Jamila Denise B. Ruma
Vice-Mayor Brenda B. Ruma
Councilors Roberto F. Talay
Eleanor R. Canapi
Irineo D. Aday
Esteban P. Macuring
Luciano C. Talang
Christopher C. Cauilan
Johnas A. Ruma
Jodilyn S. Favor

Members of the Municipal Council (2022–2025)

Positions[36] Name
Congressman Baby Aline Vargas-Alfonso
Mayor Joel A. Ruma
Vice-Mayor Brenda B. Ruma
Councilors Ireneo Bernard D. Aday
Roberto F. Talay
Pastor C. Ligas, Jr.
Luciano Talang
Graciano A. Simon
Brian B. Ruma
Chris Cauilan
Lea M. Favor

Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022)

Position[37] Name
Congressman Samantha Louise V. Alfonso
Mayor Brenda B. Ruma
Vice-Mayor Joel A. Ruma
Councilors Roberto F. Talay
Johnas A. Ruma
Pastor C. Ligas Jr.
Orlando I. Palattao
Leo M. Favor
Graciano A. Simon
Bryan B. Ruma
Ireneo Bernard D. Aday

Members of the Municipal Council (2016–2019)

Position[38] Name
Congressman Baby Aline Vargas-Alfonso
Mayor Brenda B. Ruma
Vice-Mayor Joel A. Ruma
Councilors Buncag, Bubut
Ruma,Johnas
Simon,Graciano
Talang,Luciano
Alvarez,Edo
Mamauag,Cherry
Favor,Lea
Gannaban, Gilbert

Members of the Municipal Council (2013–2016)

Position Name
Congressman Baby Aline Vargas-Alfonso
Mayor Joel A. Ruma
Vice-Mayor Johnas Ruma

Members of the Municipal Council (2010–2013)

Positions[39] Name
Congressman vacant
Mayor Joel A. Ruma
Vice-mayor Johnas Ruma
Councilors Simon,Graciano
Favor, Jodilyn
Talang,Luciano
Littaua, Marivic
Dela Cruz, Jose
Aday, Bernabe,Jr.
Anguluan, George
Gannaban,Armando

Education

The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system.[40] The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region.[41] The Rizal Schools District Office governs the public and private elementary and high schools throughout the municipality.[42]

Primary and elementary schools

  • Cambabangan Elementary School
  • Dungan Elementary School
  • Duyun Elementary School
  • Gaddangao Elementary School
  • Gaggabutan Elementary School
  • Illuru Elementary School
  • Lattut Elementary School
  • Liuan Elementary School
  • Masi Elementary School
  • Mauanan Elementary School
  • Nanungaran Elementary School
  • Rizal Central School
  • San Juan Elementary School
  • Sinicking Elementary School
  • Villa Cruz Elementary School

Secondary schools

  • Bural Integrated School
  • Illuru National High School
  • Mauanan National High School
  • St. Francis Academy

Tourism

The tourism development includes the Alsung Cave, the Sinicking National Park and Mount Annaguan forest reservations that will serve as the home for the rare species exclusively found in the area.

San Raimundo de Peñafort Church
The church, also known as Malaueg Church, was built in 1597. It was under the patronage of St. Raymond of Penyafort. The Dominican fathers accepted the ecclesiastical administration of this town on April 26, 1590. The cornerstone was laid November 26, 1597. The church and the convent have been destroyed and rebuilt four times. A site visited by Roman Catholic pilgrims, believed to show luck to the people in the certain town.
Mount Annaguan
The highest peak of the town that can view some places of the province of Cagayan.

Infrastructure

The Cagayan–Apayao Road connects Rizal and nearby Conner to the neighboring towns of Tuao, Piat, Solana and Tuguegarao City. The 50 kilometres (31 mi) road from Tuao to Rizal is rough and can take up to one-half-hours. It will take another half-hour ride from Tuguegarao to Tuao.

The provincial road was opened in 1951. From 1951 to 1986, one had to cross the Matalag River with a ferry boat made out of bamboos and drum. The ferry boat loaded only one jeep or bus at a time. Traveling to Rizal from Tuao to Tuguegarao or vice versa in those days was slow and tiresome because it took the ferry boat almost an hour to ferry its load to and from the other side of the river. Vehicles were ferried on a first-come, first-served basis.

The roads to the town are along the edge of the mountain, having hairpin turns and in other barangays, the road is at the edge of the Matalag River and some are at the middle of the fields.

The following bus lines serve Rizal:

  • Malaueg Bus Lines
  • Duyun Lines
  • Zinundungan Traveler

References

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ↑ Salgado, Pedro. "Itawis Missions in Cagayan Province". Cagayan Valley and Easter Cordillera: 1581-1898, Volume I. Rex Publishing. p. 294.
  4. ↑ Fluckiger, "Caquenga."
  5. ↑ "Cagayan folk flee fighting". Manila Standard. Standard Publications, Inc. June 4, 1987. pp. 1, 7. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  6. ↑ "Gov't troops move to retake Cagayan village from NPAs". Manila Standard. Standard Publications, Inc. June 19, 1987. pp. 1, 7. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  7. ↑ "4 mayors of Cagayan reinstated". Manila Standard. Standard Publications, Inc. November 18, 1987. p. 8. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  8. ↑ Rivera, Blanche S. (December 18, 2006). "Militant youth leader shot dead in Cagayan". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Vol. 22, no. 10. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. pp. A1, A10. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  9. ↑ Sanchez, Phoebe Zoe; Ocampo, Jamir Niño (February 19, 2007). "'They're supposed to be our protectors'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Vol. 22, no. 73. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. pp. A1, A20. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  10. ↑ Visaya Jr., Villamor (February 19, 2007). "Officials deny military involvement in Asucena murder". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Vol. 22, no. 73. Ilagan, Isabela: The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. p. A20. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  11. ↑ Sanchez, Phoebe Zoe; Ocampo, Jamir Niño (February 20, 2007). "'Soldier's uniform a totem symbol of fear'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Vol. 22, no. 73. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. pp. A1, A8–A9. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ramos, Marlon (February 15, 2007). "9 suspected NPA hired guns nabbed in Laguna". Philippine Daily Inquirer. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. pp. A1, A10. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  13. ↑ "9 suspected hitmen nabbed in Laguna". Philstar.com. Camp Vicente Lim, Laguna (province). February 15, 2007. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  14. ↑ Lagasca, Charlie (July 27, 2008). "Cagayan mayor's nephew, aides charged for ex-PC man's killing". Philstar.com. Tuguegarao City: Philstar Global Corp. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  15. ↑ People of the Philippines v. Cauilan y Tambauan, Digest.ph (November 23, 2020).
  16. ↑ Taguinod, Floro (February 13, 2009). "New leads may uncover mystery behind mayor's slay". GMA News Online. Tuguegarao, Philippines: GMA Network Inc. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  17. ↑ Laqui, Ian (April 24, 2025). "Campaign sortie turns violent: Rizal, Cagayan mayor gunned down". Philstar.com. Manila, Philippines: Philstar Global Corp. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  18. ↑ Taguinod, Floro (March 19, 2009). "Politician implicated in killing of mayor in Cagayan". GMA News Online. Tuguegarao, Philippines: GMA Network Inc. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  19. ↑ Nueva, Joel (January 24, 2011). "CPP takes responsibility for deadly Cagayan ambush". GMA News Online. GMA Network Inc. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  20. ↑ Catindig, Raymund (August 11, 2013). "Cagayan town police chief relieved". Philstar.com. Tuguegarao City, Philippines: Philstar Global Corp. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  21. ↑ Catindig, Raymund (October 6, 2013). "Chairman kritikal sa pamamaril" [Chairman in critical condition from shooting]. Pilipino Star Ngayon (in Filipino). Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines: Philstar Global Corp. Retrieved April 24, 2025. Kasalukuyang nasa malubhang kalagayan ang 44-anyos na barangay chairman makaraang pagbabarilin ng dalawang armadong lalaki sa Brgy. Lattut sa liblib na bayan ng Rizal, Cagayan noong Miyerkules [October 2] ng umaga.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  22. ↑ Catindig, Raymund (September 4, 2015). "Ex-ABC prexy nilikida". Pilipino Star Ngayon (in Filipino). Tuguegarao City, Philippines: Philstar Global Corp. Retrieved April 24, 2025. Sinabi ni [Supt. Jessie] Tamayao na tumakas sakay ng motorsiklo ang gunman habang patay na nang mairating ng mga sumaklolo ang dating opisyal sa Cagayan Valley Medical Center.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 GMANews.TV (April 5, 2008). "Cagayan town councilor wounded in ambush". GMA News Online. Manila, Philippines: GMA Network Inc. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Visaya Jr., Villamor (August 1, 2018). "Cagayan vice mayor, aides charged for councilor's slay". Inquirer.net. Tuguegarao City: INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  25. ↑ "Murder charges filed vs Cagayan town vice mayor for councilor's slay". Rappler. Cagayan, Philippines: Rappler Inc. July 31, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  26. ↑ Visaya Jr., Villamor (April 19, 2022). "Cagayan town vice mayor collared for murder". Inquirer News. Tuguegarao City: INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  27. ↑ "Halalan 2022 RIZAL, CAGAYAN Election Results". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. May 13, 2022. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  28. ↑ Sarao, Zacarian (April 24, 2025). "Cagayan town mayor shot dead during campaign sortie". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Manila, Philippines: INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  29. ↑ Rita, Joviland (April 24, 2025). "PNP: Sniper could have shot Rizal, Cagayan mayor". GMA News Online. GMA Network Inc. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
  30. ↑ Andam, Roland Jr. (May 13, 2025). "Her dad was killed campaigning. Now Jamila Ruma is mayor of Cagayan town". Rappler. Retrieved September 15, 2026.
  31. ↑ "Rizal, Cagayan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  32. ↑ Census of Population (2015). Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  33. ↑ Census of Population and Housing (2010). Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities (PDF). National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  34. ↑ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Region: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  35. ↑ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  36. ↑ "Rizal - Cagayan | Eleksyon 2022 | GMA News Online". www.gmanetwork.com.
  37. ↑ "2019 National and Local Elections" (PDF). Commission on Elections. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  38. ↑ "Halalan 2016 - Partial and Unofficial Results". ABS-CBN News.
  39. ↑ "Records and Statistics Division, ERSD - Certified list of elected city/municipal candidates" (PDF). comelec.gov.ph.
  40. ↑ "History of DepED SDO Cagayan". DepED SDO Cagayan | Official Website of DepED SDO Cagayan. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  41. ↑ "DEPED REGIONAL OFFICE NO. 02". DepED RO2 | The official website of DepED Regional Office No. 02.
  42. ↑ "Masterlist of Schools" (PDF). Department of Education. January 15, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
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