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Textual variants in the Book of Numbers

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Textual variants in the Numbers concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Numbers.

Legend

Sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew Bible manuscripts, versions, and editions are listed below, following the system outlined in BHQ.[1]

G: the reconstructed Old Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
GL: the recension of the Old Greek by Lucian of Antioch
GO: the recension of the Old Greek by Origen
Ḥev: the Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever
Hex: a Hexaplaric reading
α': Aquila
θ': Theodotion
σ': Symmachus
γ': the "Three", that is, Aquila, Theodotion, and Symmachus[2]
Hie: writings of Jerome (Lt. Hieronymus)
La: the Old Latin translation
M: the Masoretic Text
MA: the Aleppo Codex
MB: Codex Orientales 4445
MC: the Codex Cairensis
ML: the Leningrad Codex
M(ket): the ketiv
M(qere): the qere
Mur: the Minor Prophets scroll discovered at Wadi Murabba'at
Nash: the Nash Papyrus
xQx: a scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls
S: the Syriac Peshitta translation
Smr: the Samaritan Pentateuch
Syh: the Syro-Hexaplar version
T: Targum
TO: Targum Onkelos
TJ: Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
TN: Targum Neofiti
TGnz: Targumim from the Cairo Geniza
V: the Vulgate

Dead Sea Scrolls are identified first by the number of the cave they were found in, followed by Q for Qumran, followed by an abbreviation of the text they contain, followed by a superscript letter that denotes the nth copy of that text, e.g., 4QSama was the first scroll of the book of Samuel discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran. Any of G La M S or V can have superscript numerals or letters that denote the specific manuscript that the reading is found in, e.g., G905 refers to Rahlfs number 905, which is Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656.


List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

Numbers 22

Numbers 22:1

בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ות מֹואָ֔ב, bə-‘ar-ḇō-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the plains of Moab' – WLC[3][4]
בערבת מואב, bə-‘ar-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the evening/west of Moab' – SP[4]
ἐπὶ δυσμῶν Μωὰβ, 'on the west of Moab[5] / upon the descent/sunset of Moab[6]' – LXXSwete[7] LXXRahlfs[8] Brenton[5] ABP[6]
The words עֲרָבָה arabah/'aravá ("steppe", "desert", "plain"), עֶרֶב érev ("evening", "sunset") and מַעֲרָב ma'aráv ("west") are all etymologically related to each other, and maybe also cognates of words such as "Europe" (see Europe § Name) and "Arab" (see Etymology of Arab).[9] See also Numbers 31:12.

Numbers 31

Numbers 31:12

עַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב, ‘ar-ḇōṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'the plains/desert/wilderness of Moab' – WLC[10]
Ἀραβὼθ Μωάβ,, 'Araboth Moab,[11][12]' – LXXSwete[11] Brenton[12]
αραβώθ Μωάβ, '[the] wilderness of Moab[13]' – ABP[13]
It is unclear whether the Hebrew original meant a general geographical feature ('plains/desert/wilderness') or a specific toponym (probably the region now known as "Arabah"),[14] or whether Greek translators failed to translate מוֹאָ֔ב ‘ar-ḇōṯ as a general geographical feature and turned it into a specific toponym, and hence the Arabah region got its name from this toponymisation. See also Numbers 22:1.

Numbers 31:15

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Have you kept alive all the women?' – MT[15][10]
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה למה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; lá-ma ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Why have you kept alive all the women?' – SP[15]
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς Ἵνα τί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ;, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – LXXSwete[11]
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς ινατί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – ABP[13] Brenton[12]

Numbers 31:16

לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה, lim·sār-ma·‘al Yah·weh, 'to trespass / to instigate sacrilege against Yahweh[16]' – MT[17][10]
τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι καὶ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου, 'of their leaving / moving away from and disgarding the word of the Lord' – LXXSwete[11] ABP[13] Brenton[12]. ἀποστῆσαι is a cognate of the English word "apostasy".
See also Numbers 31 § Tabernacle desecration hypothesis.

Numbers 31:16

עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֹ֑ור, ‘al-də-ḇar-pə-‘ō-wr;, 'in the incident of Peor' – MT[17][10]
ἕνεκεν Φογώρ, 'because of Phogor' – LXXSwete[11] ABP[13] Brenton[12]

Numbers 31:17

וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף, wə-‘at-tāh hir-ḡū ḵāl zā-ḵār baṭ-ṭāp̄;, 'Therefore, kill every male among the little ones / infants / (little) children' – MT[18][10]
καὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἀπαρτίᾳ, 'And now kill every male among all the spoils/captivity/chattel[12]' – LXXSwete[11] ABP[13] Brenton[12]

Numbers 31:17

וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh, yō-ḏa-‘aṯ ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār hă-rō-ḡū., 'and every woman, who has known a man in a male bed / by lying with him, kill.' – MT[18][10]
καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀποκτείνατε·, 'And every woman who knew [the] marriage-bed of a man, kill![13]' – LXXSwete[11] ABP[13]
πᾶσαν γυναῖκα, ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος, ἀποκτείνατε., 'slay every woman, who has known the lying with man.[12]' – Brenton[12]
Compare Judges 21:11.[18]

Numbers 31:18

וְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים, wə-ḵōl haṭ-ṭap̄ ban-nā-šîm,, '[But] all the young women / women-children / girls,' – WLC[10]
πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν, 'All the spoils/captivity/chattel of the women' – LXXSwete[11]
Καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν,, 'And [as for] all the captivity of women[12]' – Brenton[12]
και πάσαν την απαρτίαν των γυναικών, 'And all the chattel of the women[13]' – ABP[13]

Numbers 31:18

אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר, ’ă-šer lō-yā-ḏə-‘ū miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'who have not known a male bed / a man intimately / a man by lying with him,' – WLC[10]
ἥτις οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known a/the male bed,'– LXXSwete[11]
ἥτις οὐκ οἶδε κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known the lying with man,[12] / [the] marriage-bed of a man,[13]' – Brenton[12] ABP[13]

Numbers 31:18

הַחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃, ha-ḥă-yū lā-ḵem., 'spare/save them / keep them alive for yourselves.' – WLC[10]
ζωγρήσατε αὐτάς., 'save ye them alive / take/capture them alive / for life!'– LXXSwete[11] Brenton[12] ABP[13]
Compare Judges 21:11

Numbers 32

Numbers 32:1

גָ֖ד, ḡāḏ, 'Gad' – MT[19][20]
גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh, 'Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNumb] SP[19][20]
Γαδ, 'Gad' – LXXSwete[21] ABP[22] Brenton[23]
Compare Numbers 32:33[19]

Numbers 32:2

בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben' – MT[24][20]
בני גד ובני ראובן וחצי שבט המנשה, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên wə-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh' – SP[24]
οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Γαδ, 'the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad' – LXXSwete[21][24] ABP[22][24] Brenton[23]

Numbers 32:3

וְנִמְרָ֔ה, wə-nim-rāh,, 'and Nimrah' – MT SP[25][20]
καὶ Ναμβρα, 'and Nambra' – LXXSwete[21][25] Brenton[23]
και Ναμβρών, 'and Nambron' – ABP[22][25]

Numbers 32:4

הִ֑וא, hî, 'he or is' – MT,[26][20] see also en:wikt:הוא#Hebrew
היא, hu, 'she or it' – SP,[26] see also en:wikt:היא#Hebrew
ἐστίν, 'is' – LXXSwete[21]
εστί, 'is' – ABP[22] Brenton[23]

Numbers 32:6

לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, liḇ-nê-ḡāḏ wə-liḇ-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Reuben' – MT[27][20]
לבני ראובן ולבני גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, liḇ-nê-rə-’ū-ḇên wə-liḇ-nê ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'to the sons of Reuben and (to) the sons of Gad and (to) the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNumb] SP[27]
τοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ρουβην, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Rouben' – LXXSwete[21][27] ABP[22][27] Brenton[23]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tal, Abraham (2015). Biblia Hebraica Quinta, Fascicle 1: Genesis. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-438-05261-2.
  2. ↑ Jobes, Karen H.; Silva, Moisés (2015). Invitation to the Septuagint (2 ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-4934-0004-1.
  3. ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Numbers 22 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 22:1". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brenton 1879, p. 206.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Numbers 22". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  7. ↑ "Numbers 22 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  8. ↑ Rahlfs 1935, Αριθμοί.
  9. ↑ "Strong's Hebrew: 6160. עֲרָבָה (arabah)". biblehub.com. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Numbers 31 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 "Numbers 31 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton (1851). "Numbers 31 Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Numbers 31". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  14. ↑ J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:12". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:15". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  16. ↑ Shectman, Sarah (2009). Women in the Pentateuch: A Feminist and Source-critical Analysis. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press. pp. 158–166. ISBN 9781906055721. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:16". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 31:17". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:1". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Numbers 32 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 "Numbers 32 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Numbers 32". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton (1851). "Numbers 32 Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Biblehub.com. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:2". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:3". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:4". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Numeri 32:6". bijbelaantekeningen.nl (in Nederlands). Retrieved 19 October 2022.

Bibliography

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