Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible

Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) has included study of its textual variants.

Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources.^[1] These include the Greek Septuagint (LXX), the Syriac language Peshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases, and often differ from it.^[2] These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today.^[3] However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.^[4]

Legend

Sigla (symbols and abbreviations) of Hebrew Bible manuscripts, versions, and editions are listed below, following the system outlined in BHQ.^[5]

G: the reconstructed Old Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible

G^L: the recension of the Old Greek by Lucian of Antioch

G^O: the recension of the Old Greek by Origen

Ḥev: the Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever

Hex: a Hexaplaric reading

α': Aquila

θ': Theodotion

σ': Symmachus

γ': the "Three", that is, Aquila, Theodotion, and Symmachus^[6]

Hie: writings of Jerome (Lt. Hieronymus)

La: the Old Latin translation

M: the Masoretic Text

M^A: the Aleppo Codex

M^B: Codex Orientales 4445

M^C: the Codex Cairensis

M^L: the Leningrad Codex

M^(ket): the ketiv

M^(qere): the qere

Mur: the Minor Prophets scroll discovered at Wadi Murabba'at

Nash: the Nash Papyrus

xQx: a scroll from the Dead Sea Scrolls

S: the Syriac Peshitta translation

Smr: the Samaritan Pentateuch

Syh: the Syro-Hexaplar version

T: Targum

T^O: Targum Onkelos

T^J: Targum Pseudo-Jonathan

T^N: Targum Neofiti

T^Gnz: Targumim from the Cairo Geniza

V: the Vulgate

Dead Sea Scrolls are identified first by the number of the cave they were found in, followed by Q for Qumran, followed by an abbreviation of the text they contain, followed by a superscript letter that denotes the nth copy of that text, e.g., 4QSam^a was the first scroll of the book of Samuel discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran. Any of G La M S or V can have superscript numerals or letters that denote the specific manuscript that the reading is found in, e.g., G⁹⁰⁵ refers to Rahlfs number 905, which is Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656.

List

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

Book of Genesis

Genesis 1

Genesis 1:2, see also Tohu wa-bohu

וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ, wəhāʔā́reṣ hāyəṯāh ṯṓhû wāḇṓhû, 'and the earth was formless and void,' – MT (4QGen^b) SP^[7]^[8]

ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος, 'but the earth was unseeable and unfashioned' – LXX^[7] ABP^[9]

Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, 'But the earth was lifeless and empty' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[10]

Genesis 1:7

וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן, wayəhî-ḵên, 'and it was so.' – MT 4QGen^b 4QGen^g SP Damascus Pent. Codex^[11]

Et factum est ita., 'And so it was done.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[10]

omitted – LXX^[11] ABP^[9]

Genesis 1:9

מָקֹ֣ום, māqôm, 'place' – MT 4QGen^b Damascus Pent. Codex SP.^[12].

מקוה, mqwh, 'collection' – 4QGen.^h^[12]

συναγωγή, 'gathering' – LXX^[12] ABP.^[9]

Genesis 1:9

και συνηχθη το νδωρ το υποκατω του ουρανου εις τας συναγωγας αυτών και ωφθη η ζηρα, 'And the water underneath the heaven gathered together into their gatherings, and the dry [land] appeared.' – LXX^[12] ABP.^[9] Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.^[12]

omitted – 4QGen^bg MT SP Damascus Pent. Codex^[12] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[10]

Genesis 1:14

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה, wayyṓʔmer ʔĕlōhîm yəhî məʔōrōṯ birəqî(a)ʕ haššāmáyim ləhaḇəddîl bên hayyôm ûḇên hallā́yəlāh, 'And God said, “Let there be lights in the dome of the sky to separate the day from the night' — MT^[13]^[14]

ויאמר אלהים יהי מאורות ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ ולהבדיל בין היום ובין הלילה‎, wyʔmr ʔlhym yhy mʔwrwt brqyʕ hšmym lhʔyr ʕl hʔrṣ wlhbdyl byn hywm wbyn hlylh, 'And God said: “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light upon the earth and to separate the day from the night' — SP^[15]

Genesis 2

Genesis 2:2

וַיְכַ֤ל אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מְלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה, wayəḵal ʔĕlōhîm bayyôm haššəḇîʕî məlaʔḵəttô ʔăšer ʕāśāh, 'And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made' — MT^[16]^[17]

ויכל אלהים ביום הששי מלאכתו אשר עשה‎, wykl ʔlhym bywm hššy mlʔktw ʔšr ʕšh, 'And God finished on the sixth day his work that he had done' — SP^[15]

καὶ συνετέλεσεν ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἕκτῃ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἃ ἐποίησεν, 'And on the sixth day God finished his works that he had made' — LXX^[18]

Genesis 2:4

אֵ֣לֶּה תֹולְדֹ֧ות, ʔḗlleh ṯôləḏôṯ, 'These [are] the generations' – MT^[19]^[20]

Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως, 'This is the book of the origin' – LXX^Swete^[21] ABP^[22]

Istae sunt generationes, 'Those are (the) generations' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[23]

Genesis 2:4

אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם, ʔéreṣ wəšāmā́yim., '[the] earth and [the] heavens' – MT^[20]

שמימ וארץ‎, '[the] heavens and [the] earth' – SP^[20]

τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν, 'the heaven and the earth' – LXX^[20] LXX^Swete^[21] ABP^[22]

caelum et terram, '(the) heaven and (the) earth' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[23]

Genesis 2:7, see also Soul in the Bible § Genesis 2:7

וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־ הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה, wayyîṣer YHWH ʔĕlōhîm ʔeṯ-hā́ʔāḏām ʕāp̄ār min-hā́ʔăḏāmāh, 'Then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground' – MT SP.^[24]^[25]

There is a word play between אָדָם, ʔāḏām ("man", "human", later usually simply translated as the personal name "Adam") and אֲדָמָה, ʔăḏāmāh, 'ground, earth'.^[24]

καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς·, 'And the god shaped the dust man from the earth' – LXX^Swete^[21]

καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, 'And the god shaped the man taking dust from the earth' – ABP^[22]

Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae, 'Therefore, (the) Lord God formed the human/man with the earth's mud/clay' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[23]

Genesis 2:8, see also Garden of Eden

גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם, gan-bəʔḗḏen miqqéḏem;, 'a garden in Eden in the east'

παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς, 'paradise in Edem according to the east' – LXX^Swete^[21]

παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεν κατὰ ἀνατολάς, 'paradise in Eden according to the east' – ABP^[22]

paradisum voluptatis a principio, 'paradise of pleasure from the beginning' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[23]

Genesis 2:17, see also tree of the knowledge of good and evil

אֲכָלְךָ֥, ʔăḵāləḵā, 'that you eat [qal infinitive singular]' – WLC^[19]

φάγησθε, '[you] should eat [active plural]' – LXX^Swete^[21]

φάγητε, '[you] should eat [middle plural]' – ABP^[22]

comederis, '[you] shall/should eat [future active indicative/subjunctive singular)' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[23]

Genesis 2:18, see also Eve

אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־, ʔeʕĕśeh-, 'I will make' – WLC^[19]

ποιήσωμεν, 'let [us] make' – LXX^Swete^[21] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[22]

faciamus, 'let [us] make' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[23]

Genesis 4

Genesis 4:8

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יו וֽ͏ַיְהִי֙ בִּהְיוֹתָ֣ם בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיָּ֥קָם קַ֛יִן אֶל־הֶ֥בֶל אָחִ֖יו וַיַּהַרְגֵֽהוּ, wayyṓʔmer Qáyin ʔel-Héḇel ʔāḥîw wayəhî bihəyôṯām baśśāḏeh wayyā́qām Qáyin ʔel-Héḇel ʔāḥîw wayyaharəḡēhû, 'and Cain said to Abel his brother and when they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him' — MT^[27]

ויאמר קין אל הבל אחיו נלכה השדה ויהי בהיותם בשדה ויקם קין אל הבל אחיו ויהרגהו‎, wyʔmr qyn ʔl hbl ʔḥyw nlkh hšdh wyhy bhywtm bšdh wyqm qyn ʔl hbl ʔḥyw wyhrghw, 'And Qen said to Ebel his brother: "Let us go out to the field." And when they were in the field, Qen set upon his brother Ebel and killed him' — SP^[15]

καὶ εἶπεν Καιν πρὸς Αβελ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ διέλθωμεν εἰς τὸ πεδίον καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ καὶ ἀνέστη Καιν ἐπὶ Αβελ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτόν, 'And Kain said to his brother Habel, "Let us go through into the plain." And it came about when they were in the plain, that then Kain rose up against his brother Habel and killed him' — LXX^[18]

Genesis 4:12, see also Curse and mark of Cain

נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד, nāʕ wānāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC^[28]

στένων καὶ τρέμων, 'moaning and trembling' – LXX^Swete^[29] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[30]

vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[31]

Compare Genesis 4:14

Genesis 4:13

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּדֹ֥ול עֲוֹנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃, wayyṓʔmer Qáyin ʔel-YHWH gāḏôl ʕăwōnî minnəśōʔ, 'And Cain said to the Lord, “My punishment is greater than I can bear!' – WLC^[28]^[32]

καὶ εἶπεν Κάιν πρὸς τὸν κύριον Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με., 'And Cain said to (the) lord: My fault is (too) great to forgive me.' – LXX^Swete^[29] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[30]

Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear., 'And Cain said to (the) Lord: My iniquity is greater than that [I] deserve pardon.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[31]

Genesis 4:14

נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד, nā' wā-nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC^[28]

στένων καὶ τρέμων, 'moaning and trembling' – LXX^Swete^[29] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[30]

vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[31]

Compare Genesis 4:12

Genesis 4:15

שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם, šiḇʕāṯáyim yuqqām, 'sevenfold vengeance shall be taken [on him] or suffer sevenfold vengeance' – WLC^[28]

ἑπτὰ ἐκδικούμενα παραλύσει, 'will be disabled/paralysed seven [times] [by] punishing/avenging' – LXX^Swete^[29] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[30]

septuplum punietur, 'shall be punished sevenfold' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[31]

Genesis 4:16, see also Land of Nod

בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נֹ֖וד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃, bəʔéreṣ-nôḏ qiḏəmaṯ-ʕḗḏen, 'in [the] land (of) Nod east of Eden or [in] front [of] Eden' – WLC^[28]

קִדְמָה, qiḏəmāh can mean both "east" or "over against" or "in front of".^[33]

ἐν γῇ Ναὶδ κατέναντι Ἔδεμ., 'in [the] land (of) Naìd over against Edem.' – LXX^Swete^[29] LXX^Rahlfs^[26]

εν γη Ναϊδ κατέναντι Εδέν, 'in [land] (of) Naïd over against Eden.' – ABP^[30]

in terra ad orientalem plagam Eden., 'in (the) land to the eastern region (of) Eden.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[31]

Genesis 4:20

וּמִקְנֶֽה׃, ûmiqəneh, 'and [raise] livestock' – WLC^[28]

κτηνοτρόφων, 'grazing cattle' – LXX^Swete^[29] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[30]

atque pastorum., 'and of (the) shepherds.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[31]

Genesis 5

Genesis 5:1, see also Generations of Adam

זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תֹּולְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם, zeh sḗp̄er tôləḏōṯ ʔāḏām, 'This [is] the book of the generations/genealogy (of) man or Adam' – WLC^[34]

Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως ἀνθρώπων., 'This [is] the book of [the] origin/birth of men or humans' – LXX^Swete^[35] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[36]

Hic est liber generationis Adam., 'This is [the] book of [the] generation/offspring (of) Adam.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[37]

Genesis 6

Genesis 6:3

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה לֹֽא־יָד֨וֹן רוּחִ֤י בָֽאָדָם֙ לְעֹלָ֔ם, wayyṓʔmer YHWH lōʔ-yāḏôn rûḥî ḇāʔāḏām ləʕōlām, 'Then the Lord said, "My spirit shall not strive with (lit. 'judge, execute judgement on') man forever"' — MT,^[38] SP^[15]

καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ὁ θεός οὐ μὴ καταμείνῃ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, 'And the Lord God said, "My spirit shall not abide in these humans forever"' — LXX^[18]

לא ידור רוחי באדם לעולם, lʔ ydwr rwḥy bʔdm lʕwlm, 'my spirit will not dwell in humankind forever' — 4Q252^[39]

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative

וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם, wayyinnā́ḥem YHWH kî-ʕāśāh ʔeṯ-hāʔāḏām, 'And the Lord was sorry that he had made humans on the earth' – WLC^[40]^[41]

καὶ ἐνεθυμήθη ὁ θεὸς ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, 'and the god reflected upon / pondered that [he] made the man' – LXX^Swete^[42] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[43]

poenituit eum quod hominum fecisset, 'he regretted which/because/that/what [he] had made of men/humans' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[44]

Genesis 6:6

וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבֹּֽו׃, wayyiṯəʔaṣṣēḇ ʔel-libbô., 'and [he] was grieved in his heart.' – WLC^[40]

καὶ διενοήθη., 'and [he] considered it.' – LXX^Swete^[42] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[43]

Et tactus dolore cordis intrinsecus, 'And touched by [the] inner pain of [the] heart' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[44]

Genesis 6:14, see also Noah's Ark

עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר, ʕăśēh ləḵā tēḇaṯ ʕăṣê-ḡṓp̄er, 'Make for yourself [a] box/basket of gopher wood' – WLC^[40]

ποίησον οὖν σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων τετραγώνων·, 'Then make for yourself [a] wooden box out of four-cornered wood!' – LXX^Swete^[42] LXX^Rahlfs^[26] ABP^[43]

Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis;, 'Make for yourself [a] chest/box of polished wood;' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[44]

In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 גֹ֔פֶר gopher is a hapax legomenon.

Genesis 7

Genesis 7:9

שְׁנַ֨יִם שְׁנַ֜יִם בָּ֧אוּ אֶל־נֹ֛חַ אֶל־הַתֵּבָ֖ה זָכָ֣ר וּנְקֵבָ֑ה כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־נֹֽחַ׃, šənáyim šənáyim bā́ʔû ʔel-Nō(a)ḥ ʔel-hattēḇāh zāḵār ûnəqēḇāh kaʔăšer ṣiwwāh ʔĕlōhîm ʔeṯ-Nō(a)ḥ, 'two and two, male and female, went into the ark with Noah, as God had commanded Noah' — MT^[45]^[46]

שנים שנים באו אל נח אל התבה זכר ונקבה כאשר צוה יהוה את נח‎, šnym šnym bʔw ʔl nḥ ʔl htbh zkr wnqbh kʔšr ṣwh yhwh ʔt nḥ, 'two and two came to Na into the ark, male and female, as Shema commanded Na' — SP^[15]

Genesis 34

Genesis 34:2

חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י, ḥămôr haḥiwwî, 'Hamor the Hivite' – WLC^[47]

Ἐμμὼρ ὁ Χορραῖος, 'Emmor the Hurrian' – A^[48] LXX^Swete^[49]

Εμμώρ ο Ευαίος, 'Emmor the Evite' – Brenton^[48] ABP^[50]

Hemor Hevaei, 'Hemor of the Hevea' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[51]

Genesis 34:3 (twice)

הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔, hannaʕărā, 'the youth' [H5288] – MT^[52]

הנערה‎, hnʕrh, 'the young woman' [H5291] – SP^[52]

παρθένον/παρθένου, 'young woman or virgin' – LXX^Swete^[49] Brenton^[48] ABP^[50]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[51]

Genesis 34:3

עַל־, ʕal-, 'to' [H5921] – MT^[52]

אל‎, ʔl, 'towards' [H413] – SP^[52]

κατὰ, 'against/down/according to' – LXX^Swete^[49] Brenton^[48] ABP^[50]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[51]

Genesis 34:7, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃, wəḵēn lōʔ yēʕāśeh., 'and such [a thing] should not be done' – WLC^[47]

καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται., 'And [it] shall not be thus.' LXX^Swete^[49] Brenton^[48] ABP^[50]

rem illicitam perpetrasset., '[he] had perpetrated/committed [an] illicit/unlawful act.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[51]

Genesis 34:9

תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃, tiqḥû lāḵem, 'take to/for yourselves' – WLC^[47]

λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν, 'take for your sons.' – LXX^Swete^[49] Brenton^[48] ABP^[50]

accipite, 'accept' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[51]

Genesis 34:14

וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם, wayyōʔmərû ʔălēhem, 'And they said to them' – WLC^[47]

καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας υἱοὶ δὲ Λείας, 'And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah sons of Leah said to them' – LXX^Swete^[49]

καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας/Δίνας, 'And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah said to them' – Brenton^[48] ABP^[50]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[51]

Book of Exodus

Exodus 1

Exodus 1:11

פִּתֹ֖ם, pi-ṯōm, 'Pithom' – MT^[53]

Πιθώμ, Pithom – LXX^[53] ABP^[54]

Pithon – OL^Sb^[53] Vg^[53]

Phythonam – OL^L^[53]

Exodus 1:15

שִׁפְרָ֔ה, šip̄-rāh, 'Shiphrah' – MT^[53]

Σεπφώρα, Sepphóra – LXX^[53] ABP^[54]

Sepphora – OL^L^[53]

Sephra – Vg^[53]

Exodus 3

Exodus 3:14

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה, way-yō-mer ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’el-mō-šeh, ’eh-yeh ’ă-šer ’eh-yeh;, '[And] the god/God said to Moses: "I am that/who I am",' – WLC^[55]

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν·, 'and the god said to Moses, saying: "I am the being / the [one] who is/exists."' – LXX^Swete^[56]

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Ὤν·, 'And God spoke to Moses, saying, I am THE BEING^[57]' – Brenton^[57]

και είπεν ο θεός προς Μωυσήν εγώ ειμι ο ων, 'And God said to Moses, I am the one being.^[58]' – ABP^[58]

Dixit Deus ad Moysen: Ego sum qui sum., 'God said to Moses: I am who I am.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[59]

See also I Am that I Am, Burning bush, and Yahweh § Name.

Exodus 6

Exodus 6:14

פַלּוּא֙, p̄al-lū, 'Pallu' – MT^[60]

Φαλλους, Phallous – LXX^[60]

Φαλλού, Phallou – ABP^[61]

Fallus – OL^L^[60]

Phallu – Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:15

אֹ֙הַד֙, ’ō-haḏ, 'Ohad' – MT^[60]

Ωαδ, Oad – LXX^[60]

Ιωαδ, Ioad – B^[60]

Αωδ, Aod – ABP^[61]

Aod – OL^L^[60] Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:15

צֹ֔חַר, ṣō-ḥar, 'Zohar' – MT^[53]

Σααρ, Saar – LXX^[53] ABP^[61]

Saar – OL^L^[53]

Soer – Vg^[53]

Exodus 6:21

נֶ֖פֶג, ne-p̄eḡ, 'Nepheg' – MT^[60]

Ναφεγ, Napheg – LXX^[60]

Ναφεχ, Naphech – B^[60]

Ναφεκ, Naphek – ABP^[61]

Naphaec – OL^L^[60]

Nepheg – Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:22

אֶלְצָפָ֖ן, ’el-ṣā-p̄ān, 'Elzaphan' – MT^[60]

Ελισαφαν, Elisaphan – LXX^[60] ABP^[61]

Elisapham – OL^L^[60]

Elsaphan – Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:22

סִתְרִֽי, siṯ-rî, 'Zithri' – MT^[60]

Σετρι, Setri – LXX^[60]

Ζεχρι, Zechri – ABP^[61]

Zetri – OL^L^[60]

Sethri – Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:23

אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע, ’ĕ-lî-še-ḇa‘, 'Elisheba' – MT^[60]

Ελισάβεθ, Elisabeth – LXX^[60] ABP^[61]

Elisabet – OL^L^[60]

Elisabe – Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:24

אֲבִיאָסָ֑ף, ’ă-ḇî-’ā-sāp̄, 'Abiasaph' – MT^[60]

Αβιασαφ, Abiasaph – LXX^[60]

Αβιασαρ, Abiasar – A^[60] B^[60] ABP^[61]

Abisar – OL^L^[60]

Abiasab – Vg^[60]

Exodus 6:25

פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙, pū-ṭî-’êl, 'Putiel' – MT^[60]

Φουτιήλ, Phoutiel – LXX^[60] ABP^[61]

Phutiel – OL^L^[60]

Phutihel – Vg^[60]

Exodus 13

Exodus 13:20

אֵתָ֔ם, ’ê-ṯām, 'Etham' – MT^[60]

Οθομ, Othom – LXX^[60]

Othon – OL^M^[60]

Etham – Vg^[60]

Exodus 14

Exodus 14:2

פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT^[60]

τῆς ἐπαύλεως, tes epaúleos, 'of the farm/estate/property' – LXX^[60] ABP^[62]

Epauleum – OL^M^[60]

Phiahiroth – Vg^[60]

Exodus 14:9

פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת, pî ha-ḥî-rōṯ, 'Pi Hahiroth' – MT^[60]

τῆς ἐπαύλεως, tes epaúleos, 'of the farm/estate/property' – LXX^[60] ABP^[62]

Epauleum – OL^M^[60]

Ahiroth – Vg^[60]

Exodus 17

Exodus 17:1, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT^[53]

Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX^[53]

Ραφιδείν, Raphideín – ABP^[63]

Rapidin – OL^M^[53]

Raphidin – OL^Sb^[53]

Raphidim – Vg^[53]

Exodus 17:8, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים, r-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT^[53]

Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX^[53]

Ραφιδίν, Raphidín – ABP^[63]

Rapidin – OL^M^[53]

Raphidin – OL^Sb^[53]

Raphidim – Vg^[53]

Exodus 19

Exodus 19:2, see also Battle of Refidim

רְפִידִ֔ים, rə-p̄î-ḏîm, 'Rephidim' – MT^[53]

Ραφιδιν, Raphidin – LXX^[53]

Ραφιδείμ, Raphideím – ABP^[64]

Rapidin – OL^M^[53]

Raphidin – OL^Sb^[53]

Raphidim – Vg^[53]

Exodus 19:16

וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים, way-hî qō-lōṯ ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – WLC^[65]^[66]

ויהי קולות וברקים, way-hi q-v-l-v-t ū-ḇə-rā-qîm, 'and there were voices/sounds/noises/thunders and lightnings / flashes of lightning / gleamings' – SP^[66]

καὶ ἐγίνοντο φωναὶ καὶ ἀστραπαὶ, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – LXX^Swete^[67] Brenton^[68]

και εγένοντο φωναί και άστραπαι, 'and there were voices/sounds and lightnings / flashes of lightning / brightnesses' – ABP^[64]

et ecce coeperunt audiri tonitrua, ac micare fulgura, 'and behold, thunders began to be heard, and lightnings to flash' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[69]

Compare Exodus 20:18.^[66]

Exodus 20

Exodus 20:1

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃ ס, way-ḏab-bêr ’ĕ-lō-hîm, ’êṯ kāl-had-də-ḇā-rîm hā-’êl-leh lê-mōr., 'And [the] god/God spoke all these words, saying,' – WLC (1QExod 4QPaleoExod^m) SP^[70]^[71]

Καὶ ἐλάλησεν Κύριος πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους λέγων, 'And the Lord spoke all these words, saying,' – LXX^[70] LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

Dominus, '[the] Lord' – Vg^[70] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:5.

Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God

אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ, ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā,, 'I [am] Yahweh your god' – WLC^[71]

Ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, 'I am Lord the god of yours' – LXX^Swete^[72]

ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, 'I am Lord the God of yours' – Brenton^[74]

εγώ ειμι κύριος ο θεός σου, 'I am lord the god of yours' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] ABP^[75]

Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus,, 'I am (the) Lord your God,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.

Exodus 20:2, see also I am the Lord thy God

δουλίας, 'of slavery' – LXX^Swete^[72] (Pontic Greek spelling)

δουλείας, 'of slavery' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75] (Attic and Koine Greek spelling)

Compare Deuteronomy 5:6.

Exodus 20:3, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ֗יַ, lō yih-yeh-lə-ḵā ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ă-ḥê-rîm ‘al-pā-nā-ya,, 'You shall not have other/further gods over/against/above/beside me' – WLC^[71]

אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים ’ă-ḥê-rîm is from H312 אחר (achér), which can mean "another", "other", "different", "further", "subsequent", "following", "next", "after".^[77]

עַל־ al- is from H5921 על (al), which can mean "over", "against", "above", "beside(s)" (or "along(side)"), "about/concerning", "according", or many other less frequent meanings,^[78] and features in the name El Al ("Upwards").

Οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ., 'There shall not be to you other gods besides/except me' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

ἕτεροι heteroi is from ἕτερος, which can mean "other", "another", "different", "second", "after",^[79] and the origin of the English word hetero-.

Non habebis deos alienos coram me., '[You] shall have no alien/foreign/strange gods before me / in my presence.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

alienos is from aliēnus (compare alius and alter), and the origin of the English word alien.

Compare Deuteronomy 5:7 (Hebrew witnesses identical, Greek and Latin witnesses different).

Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א, kî ’ā-nō-ḵî Yah-weh ’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā ’êl qan-nā, 'because I Yahweh your god [am a] jealous god' – MT^[80] WLC^[71] SP^[80]

קנוא, qanno, 'jealous' – Pap^Nash (H7072 instead of H7067 קַנָּא qanna in MT SP)^[80]

ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι Κύριος ὁ θεός σου, θεὸς ζηλωτής,, 'because I am [the] Lord your god, [a] zealot-god,' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

The words ζῆλος and ζηλωτής are the roots of many words including zeal, zealot, zealotry, zealous, jealous and jealousy.

ego sum Dominus Deus tuus fortis, zelotes,, 'I am (the) Lord your strong God, [a] zelot,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.

Exodus 20:5, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים, ‘al- šil-lê-šîm wə-‘al- rib-bê-‘îm, 'to/on thirds and fourths' – WLC^[71]

ἕως τρίτης καὶ τετάρτης γενεᾶς, 'until of [the] third and fourth generation' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74]

επί τρίτην και τετάρτην γενεάν, '(up)on/(un)to/against [the] third and fourth generation' – ABP^[75]

in tertiam et quartam generationem, 'into/to(wards)/against/until [the] third and fourth generation' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:9.

Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

λήψη, 'shall take' – ABP^[75] Brenton^[74] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] (Koine Greek spelling)

Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.

Exodus 20:7, see also Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain

לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה, lō yə-naq-qeh Yah-weh, 'Yahweh will not acquit / leave unpunished / hold guiltless' – WLC^[71]

μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος, '[the] Lord shall not cleanse' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73]

μὴ καθαρίσει Κύριος, '[the] Lord shall not cleanse' – ABP^[75]

μὴ καθαρίσῃ Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, '[the] Lord your God shall not cleanse' – Brenton^[74]

nec...habebit insontem Dominus eum, 'and [the] Lord will not hold/consider him innocent' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:11.

Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ, ū-ḇə-hem-te-ḵā,, 'your cattle,' – WLC^[71]

ὁ βοῦς σου, καὶ τὸ ὑποζύγιόν σου, καὶ πᾶν κτῆνός σου, 'your ox/cow, and your beast of burden/donkey/mule, and all your beasts of burden/cattle,' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

jumentum tuum,, 'your beast of burden,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:10, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ ׃, wə-ḡê-rə-ḵā ’ă-šer biš-‘ā-re-ḵā,, 'your stranger/sojourner who [is] within your gates' – WLC^[71]

καὶ ὁ προσήλυτος ὁ παροικῶν ἐν σοί., 'and the proselyte/convert the [one] sojourning among you.' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

et advena qui est intra portas tuas., 'and [the] stranger/foreigner/guest/newcomer who is within your gates.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

אֶת־הַיָּם֙, ’eṯ- hay-yām, 'the sea' – WLC^[71]

καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, 'and the sea' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

et mare,, 'and [the] sea,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

omitted – LXX^Swete^[72]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).

Exodus 20:11, see also Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy

עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־יֹ֥ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת, ‘al- kên, bê-raḵ Yah-weh ’eṯ- yō-wm haš-šab-bāṯ, 'Therefore, Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day' – WLC^[71].

The noun H7676 שַׁבָּת shabbath "Sabbath" (Greek: G4521 σάββατον) is derived from, but independent of, the adjective H7637 שְׁבִיעִי šə-ḇî-‘î "seventh" (Greek: G1442 ἕβδομος/ἕβδομη, see hebdo-) earlier in this verse. See Biblical Sabbath § Etymology.

διὰ τοῦτο εὐλόγησεν Κύριος τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἑβδόμην, 'Because of this, [the] Lord blessed the seventh day' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

idcirco benedixit Dominus diei sabbati,, 'therefore [the] Lord blessed [the] day of Sabbath,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:15 (an entirely different sentence in all witnesses, which supports Sabbath observance by reference to the Exodus rather than the Genesis creation narrative).

Exodus 20:12, see also Honour thy father and thy mother

ίνα ευ σοι γένηται, 'in order that good [things] should happen to you' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

omitted – WLC^[71] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:16 (where this phrase is identical in Greek witnesses, and not omitted in Hebrew and Latin witnesses, albeit phrased slightly differently from Greek).

Exodus 20:13–15, see also Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery and Thou shalt not steal

לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽח׃ ס לֹ֖֣א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ ס לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס, lō trə-ṣāḥ. s lō tnə-’āp̄. s lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – MT^[81] WLC^[71] SP^[81]

לוא תנאף׃ ס לוא תרצח׃ ס לוא תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ ס, wə-lō tnə-’āp̄. s wə-lō trə-ṣāḥ. s wə-lō tḡə-nōḇ. s, 'And [you] shall not commit adultery. And [you] shall not murder. And [you] shall not steal.' – Pap^Nash^[81]

Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις. Οὐ φονεύσεις., '[You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal. [You] shall not murder.' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74]

Οὐ φονεύσεις. Οὐ μοιχεύσεις. Οὐ κλέψεις., '[You] shall not murder. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not steal.' – ABP^[75]

The verb κλέπτω ("to steal") is at the root of modern English words such as kleptomania and kleptocracy.

Non occides. Non moechaberis. Non furtum facies., '[You] shall not kill/slay. [You] shall not commit adultery. [You] shall not commit theft.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Deuteronomy 5:17–19.

Exodus 20:16, see also Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour

לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס, lō-ṯa-‘ă-neh ḇə-rê-‘ă-ḵā šā-qer., 'You shall not answer/respond false/lying witness/evidence against your neighbour' – WLC^[71]

Οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου μαρτυρίαν ψευδῆ., 'You shall not witness falsely against your neighbour [as a] lying witness' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium., '[You] do/shall not speak/declare false testimony against your neighbour.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet

לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ, lō ṯaḥ-mōḏ bêṯ rê-‘e-ḵā; lō-ṯaḥ-mōḏ ’ê-šeṯ rê-‘e-ḵā,, 'You shall not covet the house of your neighbour. You shall not covet the wife of your neighbour' – WLC^[71]

Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου οὔτε τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74]

Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου· οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ πλησίον σου ουδέ τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ, 'You shall not covet the woman/wife of your neighbour. You shall not covet the house of your neighbour, nor his field,' – ABP^[75]

Non concupisces domum proximi tui, nec desiderabis uxorem ejus,, '[You] shall not covet [the] house of your neighbour, nor shall [you] desire his wife,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

concupīscō is derived from (con)cupiō ("I desire"), the origin of the English verb "to covet" and the name of the Roman god Cupid.

Exodus 20:17, see also Thou shalt not covet

ούτε παντός κτήνους αυτού, 'nor any of his cattle/beasts [of burden]' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

omitted – WLC^[71] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:18

וְכָל־, wə-ḵāl, 'And all' – WLC^[71]

Καὶ πᾶς, 'And all' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74]

πας, 'All' – ABP^[75]

Cunctus autem, 'But/and all' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:18

הַקֹּולֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם, haq-qō-w-lōṯ ’eṯ-hal-lap-pî-ḏim,, 'the voices/sounds/noises/thunders and the torches' – WLC^[71]

την φωνήν και τας λαμπάδας, 'the voice/sound and the torches/lamps/lanterns' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]. φωνή and λᾰμπᾰ́ς are the origins of the English words phone and lamp respectively.

voces et lampades, '(the) voices and (the) torches/lamps/lanterns' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]. vōx is the root of the English word voice.

Compare Exodus 19:16^[66]

Exodus 20:19

פֶּן־, pen-, 'lest/or' – WLC^[71]

μὴ, 'not' – LXX^Swete^[72] Brenton^[74]

μήποτε, 'lest/otherwise' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] ABP^[75]

ne forte, 'lest' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:20

Μωσῆς, 'Moses' – LXX^Swete^[72]

Μωυσῆς, 'Moses' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74] ABP^[75]

Exodus 20:21

ἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXX^Swete^[72]

εἱστήκει δὲ ὁ λαὸς, 'And the people stood' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[74]

εἱστήκει δὲ πας ὁ λαὸς, 'And all the people stood' – ABP^[75]

Exodus 20:23

תעשון, ṯa-‘ă-śūn, '[you] have made or [you] shall make' – MT^[82] WLC^[71]

תעשו, ta-asú, '[you] have made' – SP^[82]

Exodus 20:23

אִתִּ֑י...לָכֶֽם׃, ’it-tî...lā-ḵem., 'against me... for yourselves.' – WLC^[71]

ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς...ὑμῖν ἑαυτοῖς, 'to you to/for yourselves...to you to/for each other' – LXX^Swete^[72]

ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς...ὑμῖν αυτοῖς, 'to you to/for yourselves...to you to/for yourselves' – Brenton^[83]

εαυτοίς...υμίν αυτοίς, 'for each other...to you to/for yourselves' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] ABP^[75]

[omitted]....vobis, 'to/for you' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Exodus 20:26

אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְךָ֖, ’ă-šer lō- ṯig-gā-leh ‘er-wā-ṯə-ḵā, 'so (that) your nakedness may not be uncovered' – WLC^[71]

ὅπως ἂν μὴ ἀποκαλύψῃς τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην σου, 'so that [you] should/will not uncover/reveal your nakedness/indecency/shame' – LXX^Swete^[72] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[84] ABP^[75]

ἀποκαλύψῃς is likely a misspelling of the verb ἀποκαλύψεις. The noun αποκάλυψη is the root of words such as apocalypse, apocalyptic and apocalypticism.

ne reveletur turpitudo tua., 'lest your unsightliness/indecency/shame should be revealed.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[76]

Compare Leviticus 18.

Exodus 21

Exodus 21:17 (LXX 21:16)

וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמֹּ֖ו מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃ ס, ū-mə-qal-lêl ’ā-ḇîw wə-’im-mōw mō-wṯ yū-māṯ. s, 'And he who curses his father or his mother surely shall be put to death.' – MT

Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ τελευτήσει θανάτῳ., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother must end in death.' – LXX^Swete Brenton^[84]

Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα αὐτοῦ ἢ μητέρα αὐτοῦ θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of his father or his mother in death let him end.' – ABP

Qui maledixerit patri suo, vel matri, morte moriatur., 'Who[ever] speaks evil of his father, or mother, let [him] die by death.' – Vg^Clement^[85] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[86]

Compare New Testament quotation:

Ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα θανάτῳ τελευτάτω., 'He that speaks evil of father or mother in death let him end.' – Mark 7:10

Compare Deuteronomy 21:18–21.

Exodus 32

Exodus 34

Exodus 34:11

אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהַחִתִּי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃, ’eṯ- hā-’ĕ-mō-rî wə-hak-kə-na-‘ă-nî, wə-ha-ḥit-tî wə-hap-pə-riz-zî, wə-ha-ḥiw-wî wə-hay-ḇū-sî., 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.' – WLC^[87]

τὸν Ἀμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Εὑαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ἰεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Perizzite and Hittite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXX^Swete^[88]

τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ Χαναναῖον καὶ Χετταῖον καὶ Φερεζαῖον καὶ Ευαῖον καὶ Γεργεσαῖον καὶ Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and Canaanite and Hittite and Perizzite and Hivite and Gergesite and Jebusite;' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[89]

τὸν Αμορραῖον καὶ τὸν Χαναναῖον καὶ τὸν Χετταῖον καὶ τὸν Φερεζαῖον καὶ τὸν Ευαῖον καὶ τὸν Γεργεσαῖον καὶ τὸν Ιεβουσαῖον·, 'the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Gergesite and the Jebusite;' – ABP^[90]

Amorrhaeum, et Chananaeum, et Hethaeum, Pherezaeum quoque, et Hevaeum, et Jebusaeum., '[the] Amorite, and (the) Canaanite, and (the) Hittite, (the) Perizzite too, and (the) Hivite, and (the) Jebusite.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[91]

Exodus 34:14, see also Thou shalt have no other gods before me

כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְאֵ֣ל אַחֵ֑ר כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ קַנָּ֣א שְׁמֹ֔ו אֵ֥ל קַנָּ֖א הֽוּא׃, 'For you shall not worship any other god, for Yahweh, whose name [is] Jealous, is a jealous god.' – WLC^[87]

οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεοῖς ἑτέροις· ὁ γὰρ Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For [you] should not revere other gods: for Lord the god [has?] [a] zealot-name, [the] god is [a] zealot. or for the Lord God, a jealous name, is a jealous God.^[89]' – LXX^Swete^[88] Brenton^[89]

οὐ γὰρ μὴ προσκυνήσητε θεῷ ἑτέρῳ· ὁ γὰρ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ζηλωτὸν ὄνομα, θεὸς ζηλωτής ἐστι(ν)., 'For [you] should not revere another god: for lord the god [has?] [a] zealot-name, [the] god is [a] zealot or for lord the god [has] [the] name "zealot", the god is [a] zealot.' – LXX^Rahlfs^[73] ABP^[90]

noli adorare deum alienum. Dominus zelotes nomen ejus; Deus est aemulator., 'Do not adore alien/foreign/strange gods. Lord zealot [is] his name; God is (an) emulator/rival.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[91]

Compare Exodus 20:3 and Deuteronomy 5:7,9.

Exodus 34:17, see also Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image

אֱלֹהֵ֥י מַסֵּכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃, ’ĕ-lō-hê mas-sê-ḵāh lō ṯa-‘ă-śeh- lāḵ., '[You] shall not make molten gods to/for you(rself).' – WLC^[87]

καὶ θεοὺς χωνευτοὺς οὐ ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ., 'And you shall not make molten gods to/for yourself.' – LXX^Swete^[88] LXX^Rahlfs^[73] Brenton^[89] ABP^[90]

Deos conflatiles non facies tibi., 'You shall not make cast/molten gods to/for you.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[91]

Compare Exodus 20:5 and Deuteronomy 5:8.

Book of Leviticus

Leviticus 18

Leviticus 18:4

תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ לָלֶ֣כֶת, tiš-mə-rū lā-le-ḵeṯ, '[you] shall keep to walk' – WLC^[92]

φυλάξεσθε πορεύεσθαι, '[you] shall keep [you] shall walk' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94]

φυλάξεσθε, καὶ πορεύεσθαι, '[you] shall keep, and [you] shall walk' – Brenton^[95] ABP^[96]

et ambula[biti]s, 'and [you] shall walk' – OL^L^[97] OL^W^[97]

servabitis, et ambulabitis, '[you] shall serve, and [you] shall walk' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}.^[98]

The verb servāre is the root of the word service; the verb ambulāre is the root of the word ambulance.

Leviticus 18:5

אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥay bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) he shall live by them.' – WLC^[92]

אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וחיה בָּהֶ֑ם, ’ă-šer ya-‘ă-śeh ’ō-ṯām hā-’ā-ḏām wā-ḥā-yāh bā-hem, '(because) if a man does [them,] (then/and/that) she shall live by them.' – SP^[99]

Compare Exodus 1:16 (last verb). It is unclear whether the verb(s) used for "to live" is/are H2421 חָיָה chayah or H2421 חָיַי chayay.

ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing shall live by them;' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94]

ἃ ποιήσας αυτά άνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς·, 'by which [a] man doing them shall live by them;' – Brenton^[95] ABP^[96]

qui ea fecerit, 'who shall have done them' – OL^W^[97]

quae faciet homo, uiuet in eis:, 'which [a] man shall do, shall live by them.' – OL^L^[100]

quae faciens homo, vivet in eis., 'which [a] man doing, shall live by them.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:5

אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ ס, ’ă-nî Yah-weh. s, 'I [am] Yahweh.' – WLC^[92]

ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν., 'I [am] (the) lord your god.' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] ABP^[96]

ἐγὼ Κύριος., 'I [am] (the) Lord.' – Brenton^[95]

Ego Dominus., 'I [am] (the) Lord.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:7

matris suae, 'of his/her mother:' – OL^L^[100] OL^W^[97]

matris tuae, 'of your mother:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:7

אִמְּךָ֣ הִ֔וא, ’im-mə-ḵā hî, 'he [is] your mother' – MT^[101] WLC^[92]

אִמְּךָ֣ היא, ’im-mə-ḵā hi, 'she [is] your mother' – SP^[101]

μήτηρ γάρ σού ἐστιν(,), 'for/because she is your mother(,)' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[95] ABP^[96]

confusione enim., 'truly in confusion.' – OL^L^[100]^[97]

mater tua est:, 'your mother is: or [she] is your mother:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:7

καὶ οὐκ ἀποκαλύψεις τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς., 'and you shall not uncover the nakedness of her.' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[102]

την ασχημοσύνην αυτής ουκ αποκαλύψεις, 'the nakedness of her you shall not uncover' – ABP^[96]

omitted – OL^L^[100]

Leviticus 18:8

Confusionem mulieris patris tui non denudabis, confusionem patris tui et., '[The] confusion of your father's woman/wife you shall not denude: and is your father's confusion.' – OL^L^[103]

Turpitudinem uxoris patris tui non discooperies: turpitudo enim patris tui est., '[The] shame of your father's wife you shall not uncover: for it is your father's shame.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:9

עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֹֽותְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ אֹ֣ו בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ, ‘er-waṯ ’ă-ḥō-wṯ-ḵā ḇaṯ- ’ā-ḇî-ḵā ’ōw ḇaṯ- ’im-me-ḵā,, 'The nakedness of your sister (the) daughter of your father or (the) daughter of your mother' – WLC^[92]

ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ ἐκ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or out of your mother' – LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

ἀσχημοσύνην τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου ἐκ πατρός σου ἢ μητρός σου, 'The nakedness of your sister out of your father or (of) your mother' – LXX^Swete^[93]

Turpitudinem sororis tuae en matre tua et ex patre tuo, '[The] shame of your sister in your mother and out of your father' – OL^W^[105]

Confusionem sororis tuae uel ex patre uel ex matre, '[The] confusion of your sister either out of [your] father or out of [your] mother' – OL^L^[100]^[105]

Turpitudinem sororis tuae ex patre sive ex matre,, '[The] shame of your sister out of [your] father or out of [your] mother,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:9

η γεγεννημένης, 'or born' – LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

γεγεννημένης ἢ, 'born or' – LXX^Swete^[93]

intus natae aut natae foris,, 'at home born or born outdoors,' – OL^L^[100]

quae domi vel foris genita est,, 'who is born at home or outdoors,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:9

quoniam tua confusione filiae uxoris patris tui non denudabis confusionem eius, 'because by/through your confusion of [the] daughter of your father's wife [you] shall not uncover his confusion' – OL^L^[105]

omitted – all other witnesses^[105]

Leviticus 18:10

Turpitudinem filiae filii tui vel neptis ex filia non revelabis: quia turpitudo tua est., '[You] shall not reveal [the] shame of your son's daughter or daughter's daughter: for [it] is your shame.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

omitted – OL^L^[100]

Leviticus 18:17

λήψῃ, 'shall take' – Brenton^[104] ABP^[96] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] (Koine Greek spelling)

Leviticus 18:18

λήψῃ, 'shall take' – Brenton^[104] ABP^[96] (classical Greek spelling)

λήμψῃ, 'shall take' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] (Koine Greek spelling)

Leviticus 18:19

בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ, bə-nid-daṯ ṭum-’ā-ṯāh, 'in menstrual/impure uncleanness' – WLC^[92]

εν χωρισμώ ακαθαρσίας αυτής, 'in separation of her uncleanness' – LXX^Swete^[93] ABP^[96]

in diuortio, 'in divorce/separation' – ^wz^[105]

in separationem munditiae eius, 'in separation of his cleanness' – OL^L^[106]^[105]

quae patitur menstrua, 'who suffers from menstruation' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:19

לֹ֣א תִקְרַ֔ב, lō ṯiq-raḇ, '[you] shall not approach' – WLC^[92]

ουκ εισελεύση, '[you] shall not go into / enter' – Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

οὐ προσελεύσῃ, '[you] shall not go towards' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94]

non accedes,, '[you] shall not approach,' – OL^L^[106] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:20

Et ad mulierem proximi tui, 'And to your neighbour's woman/wife' – OL^L^[106]

Cum uxore proximi tui, 'With your neighbour's wife' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:20

לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְזָ֑רַע, lō- ṯit-tên šə-ḵā-ḇə-tə-ḵā lə-zā-ra‘, '[you] shall not give copulation/intercourse seed/sowing/offspring' – WLC^[92]

οὐ δώσεις κοίτην σπέρματός σου, '[you] shall not give [the] marriage-bed for your sperm/semen' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

non dabis cubilem seminis tui,, '[you] shall not give the [bed] of your seed,' – OL^L^[106]

non coibis, nec seminis, '[you] shall not come together / have sex, nor... by seed/semen' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:21, see also Moloch § Biblical attestations and Child sacrifice § Ban in Leviticus

וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ, ū-miz-zar-‘ă-ḵā lō- ṯit-tên lam-mō-leḵ, 'And [you] shall not let any of your descendents pass through [the fire, i.e. to sacrifice] to Moloch' – WLC^[92]

καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματός σου οὐ δώσεις λατρεύειν ἄρχοντι, 'And of your sperm/semen/offspring/descendants [you] shall not give to serve [an] archon' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

Et semini tuo non dabis seruire superposito,, 'And your seed you shall not give to serve placed on top,' – OL^L^[106]

De semine tuo non dabis ut consecretur idolo Moloch,, 'Of your semen/offspring [you] shall not give [any] to consecrate to [an] idol of Moloch,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:22, see also Leviticus 18 § Homosexuality

וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תֹּועֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃, wə-’eṯ-zā-ḵār, lō’ ṯīš-kaḇ mīš-kə-ḇē ’īš-šā; tō-‘ē-ḇā hī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife;^[107] he/it is an abomination.' – WLC^[108]^[92]

ࠅࠣࠀࠕ ࠆࠟࠊࠠࠓ ࠋࠞࠀ ࠕࠩࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁ ࠌࠡࠔࠬࠊࠠࠁࠩࠉ ࠀࠩࠔ࠙ࠢࠄ ࠕࠧࠅ࠙ࠜࠏࠁࠢࠄ ࠄࠩࠉࠀ, wa’t zā̊ː-kār lā̊ː’ tīš-kā̊b māːš-kå-bī ’īš-ša; tū-‘ē-bā’ ī’, 'And with a male, you shall not lie (down) on the beds of a woman/wife;^[107] she/it is an abomination.' – SP^[108]

καὶ μετὰ ἄρσενος οὐ κοιμηθήσῃ κοίτην γυναικός· βδέλυγμα γάρ ἐστιν., 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife; because it is a detestable thing.' LXX^Swete^[93]

και μετά άρσενος ου κοιμηθήση κοίτην γυναικείαν βδέλυγμα γαρ εστι, 'And with a man you shall not sleep in a female (marriage-)bed, because it is a detestable thing.' ABP^[96]

Et cum masculo non dormibis cubile muliebrae: exsecratio enim est., 'And with [a] male you shall not sleep in [the/a] bed of [a] woman: for [it] is [a] curse.' – OL^L^[106]

The word muliebrae is an incorrect declension of muliebris; genitive singular (muliebris, "of a woman", "of womanly") was likely the intended form, compare fēminīnae ("of a woman(ly)", "of feminine").

Cum mare ne concumbas eo concubitu quo cum foemina solet: abominada res est., 'With [a] man [you] should not share the bed as is custom in [the] manner of sleeping as with [a] woman: [it] is [an] abominable thing.' – Robert Estienne (1545)^[109]

Cum masculo non commiscearis coitu femineo, quia abominatio est., 'With [a] male [you] shall not intermingle according to [the] feminine intercourse, because it is [an] abomination.' – Vg^Clement^[110] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Compare Leviticus 20:13; Genesis 49:4.^[107]

Leviticus 18:23

לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖, lō- ṯit-tên šə-ḵā-ḇə-tə-ḵā, '[you] shall not give lying/bedding(/copulation/intercourse)' – WLC^[92]

ου δώσεις τὴν κοίτην σου, '[you] shall not give the marriage-bed of yours' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104]

ου δώσεις κοίτην σου, '[you] shall not give your marriage-bed' – ABP^[96]

non dabis cubilem tuum, '[you] shall not give your bed' – OL^L^[106]

non coibis, '[you] shall not come together' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:23

εἰς σπερματισμὸν, 'for insemination / [a] discharge of sperm' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

in sementium, 'in [the] seed' – OL^L^[106]

sēmentium is a Late Latin nonstandard noun for "seed".

omitted – WLC^[92] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[98]

Leviticus 18:25

εξεμιάνθη – Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

ἐμιάνθη – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94]

Leviticus 18:25

ἀδικίαν αὐτοῖς – LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

αὐτοῖς ἀδικίαν – LXX^Swete^[93]

Leviticus 18:26

πάντα τὰ προστάγματά, 'all the commandments' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104]

τὰ προστάγματά, 'the commandments' – ABP^[96]

Leviticus 18:26

και, 'and' – LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

ἢ, 'or' – LXX^Swete^[93]

Leviticus 18:27

πρότεροι, 'before [plural]' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94]

πρότερον, 'before [singular]' – Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

Leviticus 18:29

μέσου, 'from the middle/midst' – ABP^[96]

omitted – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104]

Leviticus 18:30

ποιήσητε, '[you] shall do [plural]' – LXX^Swete^[93] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104]

ποιήτε, '[you] shall do [singular]' – ABP^[96]

Leviticus 18:30

ἃ, 'which' – LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[104] ABP^[96]

ὃ, 'the' – LXX^Swete^[93]

Leviticus 20

Leviticus 20:13

וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תֹּועֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מֹ֥ות יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū šə-nê-hem; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife,^[107] [they] have both done a detestable thing; [they] will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – WLC^[111]^[112]

ואיש אשר ישכב את־זכר משכבי אשה תועבה עשו מות יומתו שניהם דמיהם בם׃, wə-’îš, ’ă-šer yiš-kaḇ ’eṯ-zā-ḵār miš-kə-ḇê ’iš-šāh, tō-w-‘ê-ḇāh ‘ā-śū; mō-wṯ yū-mā-ṯū šə-nê-hem də-mê-hem bām., 'And a man, who sleeps with a male on the beds of a woman/wife,^[107] [they] have done a detestable thing; both will be killed to die, [their] blood(guilt)s [are] on them.' – SP ^[111]

καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be put to death, they are liable/guilty.' – LXX^Swete^[113]

καὶ ὃς ἂν κοιμηθῇ μετὰ ἄρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα ἐποίησαν ἀμφότεροι· θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν, ἔνοχοί εἰσιν., 'And whoever shall lie with a male as with a woman/wife, they have both wrought abomination; let them die the death, they are guilty.^[114]' – Brenton^[114]

και ος αν κοιμηθή μετά άρσενος κοίτην γυναικός, βδέλυγμα εποίησαν αμφότεροι θανάτω θανατούσθωσαν ένοχοί εισιν., 'And who ever slept with [a] male in the (marriage-)bed of a woman/wife, both have done a detestable thing; let [them] be killed to death, or [they] have done a detestable thing; let both be killed to death, they are liable/guilty.' – ABP^[115]

Qui dormierit cum masculo coitu femineo, uterque operatus est nefas: morte moriantur: sit sanguis eorum super eos., 'Whoever sleeps with a male according to the feminine intercourse, both have done a wrong: let them die the death: may their blood be upon them.' – Vg^Clement^[116] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[117]

Compare Leviticus 18:22; Genesis 49:4.^[107]

Leviticus 25

Leviticus 25:42

אֲשֶׁר־הֹוצֵ֥אתִי אֹתָ֖ם מֵ, ’ă-šer- hō-w-ṣê-ṯî ’ō-ṯām mê-, 'whom [I] brought out of/from' – WLC^[118]

οὓς ἐξήγαγον, 'whom [I] led out' – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120] ABP^[121]

quos eduxi, 'whom [I] led out' – OL^L^[122]

et ego eduxi eos, 'and I led them out' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Leviticus 25:42

לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד׃, lō yim-mā-ḵə-rū mim-ke-reṯ ‘ā-ḇeḏ., '[they] shall not be sold in [a] sale of [a] slave.' – WLC^[118]

οὐ πραθήσεται ἐν πράσει οἰκέτου., '[they] shall not be sold in [a] sale of [a] household slave.' – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120] ABP^[121]

Non ueniet uenalido serui., '[He] will not come as [a] buyable/cheap slave.' – OL^L^[122]

non veneant conditione servorum:, 'let [them] not come in(to) [the] condition of slaves:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Leviticus 25:43

וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃, wə-yā-rê-ṯā mê-’ĕ-lō-he-ḵā., 'and/but [you] shall fear your god.' – WLC^[118]

καὶ φοβηθήσῃ Κύριον τὸν θεόν σου., 'and/but [you] shall fear (the) Lord your god' – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120]

και φοβηθήση τον θεόν σου, 'and/but [you] shall fear your god' – ABP^[121]

et timebis Deum tuum., 'and [you] shall fear your God.' – OL^L^[122]

sed metuito Deum tuum., 'but [you/he] shall fear your God.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Leviticus 25:44

אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיוּ־לָ֑ךְ, ’ă-šer yih-yū- lāḵ, 'whom you may have [plural]' – WLC^[118]

ὅσοι ἂν γένωνταί σοι, 'as many as should be to you [singular]' – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120] ABP^[121]

quicumque fuerunt, 'who(so)ever have been [plural]' – OL^L^[122]

sint vobis, 'should be to/for you [plural]' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Leviticus 25:44

אֲשֶׁ֣ר, ’ă-šer, 'which' – WLC^[118]

όσοι, 'as many as' – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120] ABP^[121]

quae, 'which' – OL^L^[122] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Leviticus 25:44

מֵהֶ֥ם תִּקְנ֖וּ עֶ֥בֶד וְאָמָֽה׃, mê-hem tiq-nū ‘e-ḇeḏ wə-’ā-māh., 'from them [you] may buy/acquire (a) male slave and (a) female slave.' – WLC^[118]

ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν κτήσεσθε δοῦλον καὶ δούλην., 'from them [you] shall acquire/buy (a) male slave and (a) female slave.' – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120] ABP^[121]

ab illis possidebitis,, 'from them [you] will inherit' – OL^L^[122]

omitted – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Leviticus 25:45

אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּכֶ֔ם, ’ă-šer ‘im-mā-ḵem, 'who/which [are] with you' – WLC^[118]

των μεθ' υμών, 'of the ones with you [plural]' – ABP^[121]

omitted – LXX^Swete^[119] LXX^Rahlfs^[94] Brenton^[120] OL^L^[122] Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[123]

Book of Numbers

Numbers 22

Numbers 22:1

בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ות מֹואָ֔ב, bə-‘ar-ḇō-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the plains of Moab' – WLC^[124]^[125]

בערבת מואב, bə-‘ar-wṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'in the evening/west of Moab' – SP^[125]

ἐπὶ δυσμῶν Μωὰβ, 'on the west of Moab^[126] / upon the descent/sunset of Moab^[127]' – LXX^Swete^[128] LXX^Rahlfs^[129] Brenton^[126] ABP^[127]

The words עֲרָבָה arabah/'aravá ("steppe", "desert", "plain"), עֶרֶב érev ("evening", "sunset") and מַעֲרָב ma'aráv ("west") are all etymologically related to each other, and maybe also cognates of words such as "Europe" (see Europe § Name) and "Arab" (see Etymology of Arab).^[130] See also Numbers 31:12.

Numbers 31

Numbers 31:12

עַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב, ‘ar-ḇōṯ mō-w-’āḇ,, 'the plains/desert/wilderness of Moab' – WLC^[131]

Ἀραβὼθ Μωάβ,, 'Araboth Moab,^[132]^[133]' – LXX^Swete^[132] Brenton^[133]

αραβώθ Μωάβ, '[the] wilderness of Moab^[134]' – ABP^[134]

It is unclear whether the Hebrew original meant a general geographical feature ('plains/desert/wilderness') or a specific toponym (probably the region now known as "Arabah"),^[135] or whether Greek translators failed to translate מוֹאָ֔ב ‘ar-ḇōṯ as a general geographical feature and turned it into a specific toponym, and hence the Arabah region got its name from this toponymisation. See also Numbers 22:1.

Numbers 31:15

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Have you kept alive all the women?' – MT^[136]^[131]

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֑ה למה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה׃, way-yō-mer ’ă-lê-hem mō-šeh; lá-ma ha-ḥî-yî-ṯem kāl-nə-qê-ḇāh., 'And Moses said to them: 'Why have you kept alive all the women?' – SP^[136]

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς Ἵνα τί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ;, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – LXX^Swete^[132]

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς ινατί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ, 'And Moses said to them: 'Why did you take/catch/save alive every female?' – ABP^[134] Brenton^[133]

Numbers 31:16

לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה, lim·sār-ma·‘al Yah·weh, 'to trespass / to instigate sacrilege against Yahweh^[137]' – MT^[138]^[131]

τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι καὶ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου, 'of their leaving / moving away from and disgarding the word of the Lord' – LXX^Swete^[132] ABP^[134] Brenton^[133]. ἀποστῆσαι is a cognate of the English word "apostasy".

Numbers 31:16

עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֹ֑ור, ‘al-də-ḇar-pə-‘ō-wr;, 'in the incident of Peor' – MT^[138]^[131]

ἕνεκεν Φογώρ, 'because of Phogor' – LXX^Swete^[132] ABP^[134] Brenton^[133]

Numbers 31:17

וְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף, wə-‘at-tāh hir-ḡū ḵāl zā-ḵār baṭ-ṭāp̄;, 'Therefore, kill every male among the little ones / infants / (little) children' – MT^[139]^[131]

καὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἀπαρτίᾳ, 'And now kill every male among all the spoils/captivity/chattel^[133]' – LXX^Swete^[132] ABP^[134] Brenton^[133]

Numbers 31:17

וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ׃, wə-ḵāl ’iš-šāh, yō-ḏa-‘aṯ ’îš lə-miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār hă-rō-ḡū., 'and every woman, who has known a man in a male bed / by lying with him, kill.' – MT^[139]^[131]

καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀποκτείνατε·, 'And every woman who knew [the] marriage-bed of a man, kill!^[134]' – LXX^Swete^[132] ABP^[134]

πᾶσαν γυναῖκα, ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος, ἀποκτείνατε., 'slay every woman, who has known the lying with man.^[133]' – Brenton^[133]

Compare Judges 21:11.^[139]

Numbers 31:18

וְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים, wə-ḵōl haṭ-ṭap̄ ban-nā-šîm,, '[But] all the young women / women-children / girls,' – WLC^[131]

πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν, 'All the spoils/captivity/chattel of the women' – LXX^Swete^[132]

Καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν,, 'And [as for] all the captivity of women^[133]' – Brenton^[133]

και πάσαν την απαρτίαν των γυναικών, 'And all the chattel of the women^[134]' – ABP^[134]

Numbers 31:18

אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר, ’ă-šer lō-yā-ḏə-‘ū miš-kaḇ zā-ḵār;, 'who have not known a male bed / a man intimately / a man by lying with him,' – WLC^[131]

ἥτις οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known a/the male bed,'– LXX^Swete^[132]

ἥτις οὐκ οἶδε κοίτην ἄρσενος,, 'who have not known the lying with man,^[133] / [the] marriage-bed of a man,^[134]' – Brenton^[133] ABP^[134]

Numbers 31:18

הַחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃, ha-ḥă-yū lā-ḵem., 'spare/save them / keep them alive for yourselves.' – WLC^[131]

ζωγρήσατε αὐτάς., 'save ye them alive / take/capture them alive / for life!'– LXX^Swete^[132] Brenton^[133] ABP^[134]

Compare Judges 21:11

Numbers 32

Numbers 32:1

גָ֖ד, ḡāḏ, 'Gad' – MT^[140]^[141]

גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh, 'Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNum^b] SP^[140]^[141]

Γαδ, 'Gad' – LXX^Swete^[142] ABP^[143] Brenton^[144]

Compare Numbers 32:33^[140]

Numbers 32:2

בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben' – MT^[145]^[141]

בני גד ובני ראובן וחצי שבט המנשה, ḇə-nê-ḡāḏ ū-ḇə-nê rə-’ū-ḇên wə-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben and the half tribe of Manasseh' – SP^[145]

οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Γαδ, 'the sons of Rouben and the sons of Gad' – LXX^Swete^[142]^[145] ABP^[143]^[145] Brenton^[144]

Numbers 32:3

וְנִמְרָ֔ה, wə-nim-rāh,, 'and Nimrah' – MT SP^[146]^[141]

καὶ Ναμβρα, 'and Nambra' – LXX^Swete^[142]^[146] Brenton^[144]

και Ναμβρών, 'and Nambron' – ABP^[143]^[146]

Numbers 32:4

הִ֑וא, hî, 'he or is' – MT,^[147]^[141] see also en:wikt:הוא#Hebrew

היא, hu, 'she or it' – SP,^[147] see also en:wikt:היא#Hebrew

ἐστίν, 'is' – LXX^Swete^[142]

εστί, 'is' – ABP^[143] Brenton^[144]

Numbers 32:6

לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן, liḇ-nê-ḡāḏ wə-liḇ-nê rə-’ū-ḇên;, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Reuben' – MT^[148]^[141]

לבני ראובן ולבני גד ולחצי שבט המנשה, liḇ-nê-rə-’ū-ḇên wə-liḇ-nê ḡāḏ wə-la-ḥă-ṣî šê-ḇeṭ mə-naš-šeh;, 'to the sons of Reuben and (to) the sons of Gad and (to) the half tribe of Manasseh' – [4QNum^b] SP^[148]

τοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Ρουβην, 'to the sons of Gad and (to) the sons of Rouben' – LXX^Swete^[142]^[148] ABP^[143]^[148] Brenton^[144]

Book of Deuteronomy

Textual variants in the Book of Deuteronomy

Book of Joshua

Joshua 1

Joshua 1:1

עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙, 'e-ḇeḏ Yah-weh way-yō-mer Yah-weh, '[the] servant of Yahweh that Yahweh spoke' – WLC^[149]

εἶπεν Κύριος, '[the] Lord said' – LXX^Swete^[150] LXX^Rahlfs^[151] Brenton^[152]

δούλου κυρίου και είπε κύριος, '[the] servant of [the] lord and [the] lord said' – ABP^[153]

servi Domini, ut loqueretur Dominus, 'servant(s) of [the] Lord, so that [the] Lord might speak' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[154]

Book of Judges

Textual variants in the Book of Judges

Books of Samuel

2 Samuel 8

2 Samuel 8:12

מֵאֲרָ֤ם, mê-'ă-rām, 'from Aram' – WLC^[155] AC^[156]

ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας, 'from Edom (Idumea)' – LXX^Swete^[157] LXX^Rahlfs^[158] Brenton^[159]

καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας, 'and from Edom (Idumea)' – ABP^[160]

de Syria, 'from Syria' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[161]

2 Samuel 8:12

וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים, ū-mip-pə-liš-tîm, 'and from the Philistines' – WLC^[155]

καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων, 'and from the foreigners' – LXX^Swete^[157] LXX^Rahlfs^[158] Brenton^[159] ABP^[160]

et Philisthiim, 'and [the] Philisthiim' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[161]

Compare 1 Kings 16:15.

2 Samuel 8:13

אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם, 'eṯ- 'ă-rām, 'of Aram' – WLC^[155]

τὴν Ἰδουμαίαν, 'Edom (Idumea)' – LXX^Swete^[157] LXX^Rahlfs^[158] Brenton^[159] ABP^[160]

Syria, 'Syria' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[161]

2 Samuel 8:13

בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח, bə-ḡê- me-laḥ, 'in the valley [of] salt' – WLC^[155]

ἐν Γεβέλεμ, 'in Gebelem' – LXX^Swete^[157] Brenton^[159] ABP^[160]

ἐν Γαιμελε, 'in Gaimele' – LXX^Rahlfs^[158]

in valle Salinarum, 'in [the] valley of (the) Salts' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[161]

2 Samuel 8:18

כֹּהֲנִ֥ים, kō-hă-nîm, 'priests' – WLC^[155]. This noun is the origin of the surname Cohen.

αὐλάρχαι, 'chiefs/rulers/princes of the palace/court' – LXX^Swete^[157] LXX^Rahlfs^[158] Brenton^[159] ABP^[160]. This noun is a compound of αὐλή ("court(yard)" or "hall/chamber/house") and ἀρχή ("authority"), related to archon ("ruler" or "chief magistrate").

sacerdotes, 'priests' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[161]. Origin of the modern term sacerdotalism.

Books of Kings

1 Kings 16

1 Kings 16:15

בִּשְׁנַת֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֥ךְ זִמְרִ֛י, 'in the year twenty and seven year of Asa king of Judah, Zimri reigned' – WLC^[162]

Καὶ Ζαμβρεὶ ἐβασίλευσεν, 'And Zambreì reigned' – LXX^Swete^[163]

Καὶ Ζαμβρὶ ἐβασίλευσεν, 'And Zambrì reigned' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165]

εν τω εικοστώ και εβδόμω έτει Ασά βασιλέως Ιούδα εβασίλευσεν Ζιμβρί, 'in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimbrí reigned' – ABP^[166]

Anno vigesimo septimo Asa regis Juda, regnavit Zambri:, 'in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zambri reigned:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:15

שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּתִרְצָ֑ה, šiḇ-'aṯ yā-mîm bə-ṯir-ṣāh;, 'seven days in Tirzah' – WLC^[162]

ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἐν Θερσά·, 'seven years in Thersá:' – LXX^Swete^[163]

ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐν Θερσα., 'seven days in Thersa.' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

εν Θερσά ημέρας επτά, 'in Thersá days seven' – Brenton^[165]

εν Θερσά επτά ημέρας, 'in Thersá seven days' – ABP^[166]

septem diebus in Thersa:, 'seven days in Thersa:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:15

וְהָעָ֣ם חֹנִ֔ים, wə-hā-'ām ḥō-nîm, 'and the people [were] encamped' – WLC^[162]

καὶ ἡ παρεμβολὴ Ἰσραὴλ, 'and the camp of Israel' – LXX^Swete^[163] LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165] ABP^[166]

porro exercitus obsidebat, 'further (away), the army laid siege' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:15

עַֽל־גִּבְּתֹ֖ון אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃, 'al- gib-bə-ṯō-wn 'ă-šer lap-pə-liš-tîm., 'against Gibbethon which [belonged] to the Philistines.' – WLC^[162]

ἐπὶ Γαβαὼν τῶν ἀλλοφύλων., 'upon Gabaon of the foreigners.' – LXX^Swete.^[163] τῶν ἀλλοφύλων literally means 'of the [people] of another tribe'.

επί Γαβαθών την των αλλοφύλων, 'upon Gabathon the [city] of the foreigners.' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165] ABP^[166]

Gebbethon urbem Philisthinorum, '[upon] Gebbethon [the] city of the Philistines' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:16

וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ הַחֹנִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר, way-yiš-ma' hā-'ām ha-ḥō-nîm lê-mōr, 'And the encamped people heard [it], saying' – WLC^[162]

καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ λαὸς ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ λεγόντων, 'And the people in the camp heard [it], saying' – LXX^Swete^[163] LXX^Rahlfs Brenton^[165] ABP^[166]

Cumque audisset, 'And when [he/she/it] heard [it]' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:16

קָשַׁ֣ר זִמְרִ֔י וְגַ֖ם הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ, qā-šar zim-rî wə-ḡam hik-kāh 'eṯ- ham-me-leḵ, 'Zimi has conspired and also killed king' – WLC^[162]

Συνεστράφη Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν βασιλέα·, 'Zambreì conspired and struck the king;' – LXX^Swete^[163]

Συνεστράφη Ζαμβρι καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν βασιλέα·, 'Zambri conspired and struck the king;' – LXX^Rahlfs

συνεστράφη Ζαμβρὶ καὶ ἔπαισε τὸν βασιλέα·, 'Zambrì conspired and struck the king;' – Brenton^[165]

συνεστράφη Ζαμβρί και έπαισε τον βασιλέα, 'Zambrí conspired and struck the king' – ABP^[166]

rebellasse Zambri, et occidisse regem,, '[that] Zambri had rebelled, and killed [the] king,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:16

אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ, 'eṯ- 'ā-mə-rî, 'Omri' – WLC^[162]

τὸν Ζαμβρεί, 'Zambrei' – LXX^Swete^[163]

τὸν Αμβρι, 'Ambri' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

τὸν Ἀμβρὶ, 'Ambri' – Brenton^[165]

τον Αμβρί, 'Ambri' – ABP^[166]

Amri,, 'Amri,' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:16

צָבָ֧א, ṣā-ḇā, 'of the army or of the war' – WLC^[162]

τῆς στρατείας, 'of the campaign/expedition' – LXX^Swete^[163]

τῆς στρατίας, 'of the army' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165] ABP^[166]

militiae, 'of the army or of the war/campaign' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:17

עָמְרִ֛י וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמֹּ֖ו מִֽגִּבְּתֹ֑ון, 'ā-mə-rî wə-ḵāl yiś-rā-'êl 'im-mōw mig-gib-bə-ṯō-wn, 'Omri and all Israel with him from Gibbethon' – WLC^[162]

Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐν Γαβαθὼν, 'Zambreì and all Israel with him in Gabathòn' – LXX^Swete^[163]

Αμβρι καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐκ Γαβαθων, 'Ambri and all Israel with him out of Gabathon' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165]

Αμβρί εκ Γαβαθών και πας Ισραήλ μετ' αυτού, 'Ambrí out of Gabathón and all Israel with him' – ABP^[166]

Amri, et omnis Israel cum eo, de Gebbethon,, 'Amri, and all Israel with him, from Gebbethon' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:18

וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אַרְמֹ֣ון בֵּית־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֨ף עָלָ֧יו אֶת־בֵּֽית־מֶ֛לֶךְ בָּאֵ֖שׁ וַיָּמֹֽת׃, way-yā-ḇō 'el- 'ar-mō-wn bêṯ- ham-me-leḵ way-yiś-rōp̄ 'ā-lāw 'eṯ- bêṯ- me-leḵ bā-'êš way-yā-mōṯ., 'and [he] went into the citadel of the house of the king and burnt [down] the house [of the] king upon himself with fire and died.' – WLC^[162]

ἐνεπύρισεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ἀπέθανεν·, 'the king himself set fire to the house of the king, and died;' – LXX^Swete^[163]

εἰσπορεύεται εἰς ἄντρον τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐνεπύρισεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν πυρὶ και απέθανεν, '[he] entered into [the] inner room of the house of the king and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself with fire and died' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164] ABP^[166]

πορεύεται εἰς άντρον του οίκου του βασιλέως, και ενεπύρισεν επ' αυτόν τον οίκον του βασιλέως, και απέθανεν, '[he] went into [the] inner room of the house of the king, and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself, and died' – Brenton^[165]

ingressus est palatium, et succendit se cum domo regia: et mortuus est, '[he] entered [the] palace, and burnt himself with [the] royal house: and [he] died' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:19

חטאתו, ḥaṭ-ṭā-ṯōw, 'of his sin' – K^[162]

חַטֹּאתָיו֙, ḥaṭ-ṭō-ṯāw, 'of his sins' – Q^[162]

τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτοῦ, 'of his sins' – LXX^Swete^[163] LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165] ABP^[166]

in peccatis suis, 'in his sins' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:19

אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה, 'ă-šer 'ā-śāh, 'which [he] did or (had) done/committed' – WLC^[162]

αις εποίησεν, 'which [he] did/committed' – ABP^[166]

quo fecit, 'which [he] did' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

omitted – LXX^Swete^[163] LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165]

1 Kings 16:20

וְקִשְׁרֹ֖ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר, wə-qiš-rōw 'ă-šer qā-šār, 'and the conspiracy which [he] conspired' – WLC^[162]

καὶ τὰς συνάψεις αὐτοῦ ἃς συνῆψεν, 'and his associations [he] joined in' – LXX^Swete^[163] LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165] ABP^[166]

et insidiarum ejus, et tyrannidis, 'and of his intrigues/plots, and tyranny' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:21

תִבְנִ֤י בֶן־גִּינַת֙, ṯiḇ-nî ḇen- gî-naṯ, 'Tibni son of Ginath' – WLC^[162]

Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ, 'Thamneì son of Gōnàth' – LXX^Swete^[163]

Θαμνι υἱοῦ Γωναθ, 'Thamni son of Gōnath' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ, 'Thamnì son of Gōnàth' – Brenton^[165]

Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ, 'Thabní son of Ginḗth' – ABP^[166]

Thebni filium Gineth, 'Thebni son of Gineth' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:21

עָמְרִֽי׃, 'ā-mə-rî., 'Omri.' – WLC^[162]

Ζαμβρεί., 'Zambrei.' – LXX^Swete^[163]

Αμβρι., 'Ambri.' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

Ἀμβρί., 'Ambri.' – Brenton^[165]

Αμβρί., 'Ambri.' – ABP^[166]

Amri., 'Amri.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:22

וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרֵ֣י עָמְרִ֔י אֶת־הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵ֖י תִּבְנִ֣י בֶן־גִּינַ֑ת, way-ye-ḥĕ-zaq hā-'ām 'ă-šer 'a-ḥă-rê 'ā-mə-rî, 'eṯ- hā-'ām 'ă-šer 'a-ḥă-rê tiḇ-nî ḇen- gî-naṯ;, 'And/but the people who followed Omri prevailed against the people who followed Tibni son of Ginath' – WLC^[162]

καὶ ἡττήθη ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνάθ·, 'And defeated was the people being after Thamneì son of Gōnàth:' – LXX.^Swete^[163] ἡττάομαι is an Attic variation of the verb ἡσσάομαι ("to be less/weaker than, to be defeated")

Ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Ἀμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ·, 'The people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thamnì son of Gōnàth' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164] Brenton^[165]

και ο λαός ο ων οπίσω Αμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ, 'And the people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thabní son of Ginḗth' – ABP^[166]

Praevaluit autem populus qui erat cum Amri, populo qui sequebatur Thebni filium Gineth:, 'But the people who were with Amri prevailed, over the people who followed Thebni son of Gineth:' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:22

וַיָּ֣מָת תִּבְנִ֔י וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עָמְרִֽי׃ פ, way-yā-māṯ tiḇ-nî, way-yim-lōḵ 'ā-mə-rî. p̄, 'And Tibni died, and Omri reigned.' – WLC^[162]

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνεὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ Θαμνεί., 'And Thamneì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Zambrei ruled after Thamneì.' – LXX^Swete^[163]

καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνι καὶ Ιωραμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αμβρι μετὰ Θαμνι., 'And Thamni and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamni.' – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

καὶ ἀπέθανε Θαμνὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀμβρί μετὰ Θαμνί., 'And Thamnì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamnì.' – Brenton^[165]

και απέθανε Θαβνί και εβασίλευσεν Αμβρί., 'And Thabní died and Ambri reigned.' – ABP^[166]

mortuusque est Thebni, et regnavit Amri., 'and Thebni died, and Amri reigned.' – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

1 Kings 16:28

וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָמְרִי֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּשֹׁמְרֹ֑ון וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אַחְאָ֥ב בְּנֹ֖ו תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ – WLC^[162]

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ θάπτεται ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ· καὶ βασιλεύει Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ. – LXX^Swete^[163]

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Αμβρι μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ θάπτεται ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ, καὶ βασιλεύει Αχααβ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ αὐτοῦ. – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

Ἀμβρί., 'Ambri.' – Brenton^[165]

και εκοιμήθη Αμβρί μετά των πατέρων αυτού και θάπτεται εν Σαμαρεία και εβασίλευσεν Αχαάβ ο υιός αυτού αντ' αυτού – ABP^[166]

Dormivitque Amri cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in Samaria: regnavitque Achab filius ejus pro eo. – Vg^{Colunga&Turrado}^[167]

A long addition is found in the Septuagint of Codex Vaticanus following 1 Kings 16:28 (numbered as verses 28a–28h).^[168]

1 Kings 16:28a

[1] Καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ τῷ ἑνδεκάτῳ ἔτει τοῦ Ζαμβρεὶ βασιλεύει Ἰωσαφὰθ υἱὸς Ἀσά· βασιλεύει ἐτῶν τριάκοντα καὶ πέντε ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἴκοσι πέντε ἔτη βασιλεύει ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ· καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Γαβουζά, θυγάτηρ Σελεεί. – LXX^Swete^[163]

τοῦ Αμβρι...Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Ασα ἐτῶν...ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ,...Γαζουβα θυγάτηρ Σελει. – LXX^Rahlfs^[164]

τοῦ Ἀμβρί...Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Ασα ἐτῶν...εἴκοσιπέντε...ἐβασιλευσεν....Γαζουβά, θυγάτηρ Σελί· – Brenton^[169]